Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 1 Staircases Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 1

Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 2 Stairs Buildings have stairs so that people can gain access to the upper floors. Put sturdy handrails within reach of all people Handrails should be supported by balustrades on the open sides of staircases to prevent accidents Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 2

Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 3 Stairs Parts of a staircase – An overview Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 3

Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 4 Technical words for parts of staircase Baluster – The infill between the handrail and the string. It usually consists of square vertical balusters fitetd to the string capping and supporting a timber handrail. Balustrade – the protection erected on the outer edge of a staircase to prevent anything or anyone falling off the edge Flight – a series of steps between floors or a floor and a landing Going – The horizontal distance between two adjacent risers Tread – the horizontal surface of a step Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 4

Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 5 Technical words for parts of staircase Handrail – an inclined rail that follows the slope of the stairs which is either fixed to a wall or supported on a balustrade Landing – The level space that breaks up the vertical incline of a flight of stairs Newel – a stout vertical post at one end of the outer string to support the inclined handrail at each end Nosing – The part of the tread that projects beyond the face of the riser Rise – the vertical distance between the tops of adjacent treads Riser – the vertical surface of a step String – the side support for the flight of timber steps Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 5

Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 6 Stairs Straight flight 90 degree turn with a quarter landing L shaped with Tapered staircase with no landing 180 degree with a half turn landing Doglegged staircase Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 6

Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 7 Stairs A 90º turn needs a quarter space landing A 180º turn needs a half space landing A staircase that turns through 180º can either have a well or a dog leg. Open well L shaped staircase tapered Straight Open well with tapered Spiral Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 7 Circular

Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 8 Stairs Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 8

Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 9 Stairs Parts of a timber staircase Timber staircases Most traditional Consist of two strings, treads and risers, a balustrade and a handrail Tread – 25mm thick Riser – 19mm thick (solid wood) or 12mm plywood Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 9

Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 10 Stairs Reinforced concrete staircases are increasingly popular Usually cast in situ on formwork The treads and risers are cast in one piece so they do not have strings Parts of a concrete staircase Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 10

Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 11 Stairs Steel staircases Normally used for fire escapes or for external access Has metal strings with steel treads fixed to metal brackets Usually do not have risers Parts of a steel staircase Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 11

Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 12 General principles of staircase design The going plus the height of two risers must be a Max of 700mm Min of 550 mm T + 2 R = 550-700mm Stairs should not be steeper than 42º Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 12

Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 13 Designing a straight flight of stairs Vertical rise = 2760 mm Staircase length = 3000 mm Preferred riser height = 190 mm Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 13

Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 14 Designing a straight flight of stairs Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 14

Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 15 Designing a straight flight of stairs Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 15

Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 16 Designing a straight flight of stairs Vertical rise = 2760 mm Staircase length = 3000 mm Preferred riser height = 190 mm Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 16

Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 17 Timber staircase – Construction detail of the underside Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 17

Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 18 Making a concrete staircase Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 18

Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 19 Two types of baluster for stair balustrades Inclined balusters Vertical balusters Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 19

Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 20 Detail to fix vertical balusters in concrete stairs Vertical balusters Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 20