Getting the information in our heads!!!! Encoding How do you encode the info you read in our text? Getting the information in our heads!!!!

Two ways to encode information Automatic Processing Effortful Processing

Automatic Processing Unconscious encoding of incidental information. You encode space, time and word meaning without effort. Things can become automatic with practice. For example, if I tell you that you are a jerk, you will encode the meaning of what I am saying to you without any effort.

Effortful Processing Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort spent learning. Rehearsal is the most common effortful processing technique. Through enough rehearsal, what was effortful becomes automatic.

Things to remember about Encoding The next-In-Line effect: we seldom remember what the person has just said or done if we are next. Information minutes before sleep is seldom remembered; in the hour before sleep, well remembered. Taped info played while asleep is registered by ears, but we do not remember it.

Spacing Effect DO NOT CRAM!!!!! We encode better when we study or practice over time. DO NOT CRAM!!!!!

On the back of your sheet…. List the U.S. Presidents

The Presidents Washington Taylor Harrison Eisenhower J.Adams Fillmore Cleveland Kennedy Jefferson Pierce McKinley L.Johnson Madison Buchanan T.Roosevelt Nixon Monroe Lincoln Taft Ford JQ Adams A.Johnson Wilson Carter Jackson Grant Harding Reagan Van Buren Hayes Coolidge Bush Garfield Hoover Clinton Tyler Arthur FD.Roosevelt Bush Jr. Polk Truman Obama

Serial Positioning Effect Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list. Primacy and Recency Effects If we graph an average person remembers presidential list- it would probably look something like this.

Encoding Exercise Listen to the poem. After the poem, write down 5 things that you remember from the poetry. Why did you remember these 5 things? Did you remember the meaning of the words, the sounds of the words, or the pictures of the words?

Types of Encoding Encoding exercise Semantic Encoding: the encoding of meaning, like the meaning of words Acoustic Encoding: the encoding of sound, especially the sounds of words. Visual Encoding: the encoding of picture images.

Which type works best?

Self-Reference Effect An example of how we encode meaning very well. The idea that we remember things (like adjectives) when they are used to describe ourselves. Peg-word system

Tricks to Encode Use imagery: mental pictures Mnemonic Devices use imagery. Like my “peg word” system or…. "Mary Very Easily Makes Jam Saturday Unless No Plums." Mars, Venus, Earth, Mercury, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto. Give me some more examples…. Links to examples of mnemonic devices.

Chunking Organizing items into familiar, manageable units. Often it will occur automatically. 1-4-9-2-1-7-7-6-1-8-1-2-1-9-4-1 Chunk- from Goonies Do these numbers mean anything to you? 1492, 1776, 1812, 1941 how about now?

Chunking 1,3 and 5 make little sense to us. But when we chunk the characters differently (2,4,6) they become easy to remember.