SSUSH 12.

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Objectives Assess the problems that workers faced in the late 1800s.

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Presentation transcript:

SSUSH 12

Standards SSUSH12 The student will analyze important consequences of American industrial growth. a. Describe Ellis Island, the change in immigrants’ origins to southern and eastern Europe and the impact of this change on urban America. b. Identify the American Federation of Labor and Samuel Gompers. c. Describe the growth of the western population and its impact on Native Americans with reference to Sitting Bull and Wounded Knee. d. Describe the 1894 Pullman strike as an example of industrial unrest.

Immigration

Ellis Island

Forced to pass health and welfare tests to be eligible to enter Ellis Island – immigration station in New York harbor where immigrants are checked in New groups: mostly from Southern and Eastern Europe; Jewish or Catholic; usually spoke no English Forced to pass health and welfare tests to be eligible to enter Tended to settle in other areas with people who spoke same languages, worshipped same religion, same cultures

Effect of new immigrants on America Immigrants moved to urban areas, cities Likely to be poor, could not afford to buy farmland Worked as unskilled laborers, Communities to recreate their cultures of their home countries

Unions

Unions Working conditions in factories were terrible Long workdays Low pay Dangerous working conditions No vacations Individual workers had no power Unions – workers band together for more power

American Federation of Labor Samuel Gompers 1886 strikes convince employers to grant shorter work days, Better working conditions, higher wages, greater control over workplace responsibilities. Excluded farmers, blacks, women and unskilled immigrants Became one of the most powerful labor unions in 20th century

Pullman, Illinois

Pullman, Illinois

Strike! Strikes used to force bargaining

Pullman Labor Strike 1894 Pullman Palace Car Company (Chicago) Company cut wages 30% during an economic depression 150,000 American Railroad Union members refuse to work President Cleveland send in troops to break strike

Native Americans and Moving WEst

Sitting Bull After the Civil War, many Americans moved west in search of simple rural lives Sioux leader Sitting Bull believed “no white person or persons shall be permitted to settle upon or occupy” Sioux lands US gov’t agreed But gold is discovered…negotiations give way to fighting…10 years later Sitting Bull died in a brief gun battle

Wounded Knee Prior to Sitting Bulls death Native tribes performed Ghost Dance rituals (called for return to traditional ways and challenge white supremacy) Fled to Wounded Knee Army sent to stop Ghost Dance Movement Slaughtered hundreds of Native Americans Over 300 killed, Indian wars finally over

Questions What other historical American Indian leaders does Sitting Bull remind us of? What has been the cause of the near-constant conflict between American Indians and Americans?