Chapter 4 TEXAS INDIANS Section 1: The First Texans 11/27/2018 Chapter 4 TEXAS INDIANS Section 1: The First Texans Section 2: The Western Gulf Culture Area Section 3: The Southeastern Culture Area Section 4: The Pueblo Culture Area Section 5: The Plains Culture Area CHAPTER 04

SECTION l: The First Texans OBJECTIVES Describe what scholars have learned about the first Americans. Explain how environmental changes affected early Americans and describe what they did to adapt. Identify some civilizations that developed in the Americas.

SCHOLARS AND THE FIRST AMERICANS SECTION l: The First Texans SCHOLARS AND THE FIRST AMERICANS First Texans lived in Texas some 12,000 years ago and migrated from Asia Drew or carved pictures on cave walls. Practiced religion and were hunter-gatherers Used stone tools and weapons hunter-gatherers – people who hunt animals and gather wild plants for game

ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES AND THE EARLY AMERICANS SECTION l: The First Texans ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES AND THE EARLY AMERICANS Cold weather led to migrations from Asia Became hunter-gatherers Culture developed in response to environment

SOME EARLY CIVILIZATIONS SECTION l: The First Texans SOME EARLY CIVILIZATIONS Maya – Mesoamerica Toltec and Aztec – Mesoamerica Anasazi – West of Texas Mississippian – Cumberland, Mississippi, Tennessee River valleys

SECTION 2: The Western Gulf Culture Area OBJECTIVES Identify where the Karankawa lived and describe what their life was like. Explain how the Coahuiltecan survived in a dry area.

THE KARANKAWA Lived in the Gulf Coastal Plain SECTION 2: The Western Gulf Culture Area THE KARANKAWA Lived in the Gulf Coastal Plain Were nomadic hunter-gatherers Wore deerskin clothing Painted their bodies

THE COAHUILTECAN SURVIVED IN A DRY CLIMATE SECTION 2: The Western Gulf Culture Area THE COAHUILTECAN SURVIVED IN A DRY CLIMATE Hunted and gathered food; fished Moved around often Wore little clothing Lived in easy-to-move huts

OBJECTIVES Describe what the Caddo culture was like. SECTION 3: The Southeastern Culture Area OBJECTIVES Describe what the Caddo culture was like. Compare the Wichita to neighboring groups. Identify where the Atakapa lived and explain how that affected their culture.

CADDO CULTURE SECTION 3: The Southeastern Culture Area Lived in Piney Woods Large population with permanent villages Expert farmers, hunted, and fished Matrilineal society with specialization of tasks Built temples and mounds, made pottery, and used tools Dwellings made of wooden poles covered with grass Painted their bodies

COMPARING THE WICHITA TO THEIR NEIGHBORS SECTION 3: The Southeastern Culture Area COMPARING THE WICHITA TO THEIR NEIGHBORS Lived in permanent villages Tattooed their bodies Farmed and hunted buffalo

HOME OF THE ATAKAPA AND EFFECT ON THEIR CULTURE SECTION 3: The Southeastern Culture Area HOME OF THE ATAKAPA AND EFFECT ON THEIR CULTURE Lived between the Caddo and the Gulf of Mexico Fished and farmed Hunted

SECTION 4: The Pueblo Culture Area OBJECTIVES Explain why the Jumano came to the Rio Grande Area and describe how they survived in their environment. Identify and explain the problems that the Jumano faced.

JUMANO SURVIVED IN THE RIO GRANDE AREA SECTION 4: The Pueblo Culture Area JUMANO SURVIVED IN THE RIO GRANDE AREA Migrated to the area following the buffalo Survived by irrigating crops, gathering wild plants, hunted buffalo, traded

SECTION 4: The Pueblo Culture Area CULTURE OF THE JUMANO Lived in large villages in Mountains and Basins, or small groups on Plains Used bow and arrows, clubs and shields in battle Expert craftsman with buffalo hides and making jewelry Tattoed body

SECTION 5: The Plains Culture Area OBJECTIVES How were the lives on Plains Indians different before the Spanish came?. Summarize the common aspects of Plains Indian culture.

COMMON ASPECTS OF PLAINS INDIAN CULTURE SECTION 5: The Plains Culture Area COMMON ASPECTS OF PLAINS INDIAN CULTURE Hunted and depended on the buffalo Followed buffalo herds Lived in tepees