Found in Central Texas, near present day, Austin

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Presentation transcript:

Found in Central Texas, near present day, Austin

Tonkawa means “the people of the wolf” Tonkawa people believed they descended from wolves, so they never killed them. Here we have a drawing of the “Tonkawa Wolf Dance”

They truly believed they were wolves So they lived like wolves. Wolves don’t farm, they hunt. So Tonkawa’s hunted. They were hunter-gatherers- they hunted a lot of deer and buffalo. But they also fished in the rivers- eating fish and mussels. They also ate many berries and nuts they gathered.

Hunted with bows and arrows

Since they were nomads, what kind of homes do you think they had? Nomad or Sedentary? You know they hunted deer and buffalo, do you think that would make them a nomad or keep them sedentary? Why? They were nomads. They followed the herds of buffalo so they would always have food. Since they were nomads, what kind of homes do you think they had?

Tonkawa lived in tee pees while they followed the buffalo Tonkawa lived in tee pees while they followed the buffalo. When white men came over and they buffalo died out, they lived in wickiups and huts. Why would they change their housing?

Jobs- what is going on here?

Tonkawa or Karankawa? Tonkawas also tattooed their face with black ink. Most of the time they tattooed themselves to show respect for their dead ancestors. Because of the tattoos white settlers confused the Tonkawas with the Karankawas.

Today? They were allies,friends, with the Karankawa, Caddo, and Jumano and enemy of the Apache and Comanche. So they fought against the Comanche and Apache with the white men. They eventually moved from Texas to a reservation in Oklahoma. In 1960 there was only 35 Tonkawa left in Oklahoma. Today there are stories of them still being around and trying to establish themselves.