Life & Health Insurance Chapter 12

Insurance Protects You Life Insurance Health Insurance Disability Insurance Life Illness

Life Insurance Replaces income of key wage earner Financial planning tool Replaces: Lost income Final costs – funeral, medical bills Outstanding debts – loans, credit cards Unpaid long term obligations – college tuition, child care expenses, retirement, household Estate planning costs – estate taxes, probate costs Unfulfilled family obligations – economic and non-economic

Statistics Statistics was first developed to calculate burial costs and how much each person should pay Price depends on probability of someone dying In 17th century – mortality tables developed Predicts – disease, illness, sickness or death

How Much Life Insurance Do I Need? Needs Approach Amount needed depends on financial needs of family left behind minus current assets or future income to pay for those needs Dependent social security is example of future income that may pay for future needs Human Life Value Approach Amount calculated by taking amount of net income lost when person dies multiplied by interest rate multiplied by # of years needed Net income is salary minus taxes, deductions and expenses of that individual person. It is income left to support the family Interest rate is applied to get future value of income

Life Insurance Underwriting Underwriting determines acceptability of an individual for insurance. In life insurance anything that shortens your life span makes it risker and premiums can be more expensive Physical exam required – height, weight, blood pressure, cholesterol and smoking, drugs or alcohol Family medical history Occupation and hobbies Age, gender

Types of Life Insurance Term Life – coverage for specified period of time (e.g., 10 years) Lower cost when younger. Insurance premiums increase as you age Whole Life – lifetime protection, includes savings-cash value and premiums remain unchanged. Cash value can be used for: Cash surrender value-cash taken out of policy Reduced paid-up insurance – used to pay insurance premiums in future years Universal Life – lifetime protection, includes savings-cash value, flexible premium can be increased or decreased. Cash value can be invested and grow tax free Variable Life – similar to whole and universal. Cash value can be invested in stocks/mutual funds and grow tax free rather than savings in stock account

Estate Planning – Life Insurance Key Component Proceeds can pay debts of insured so property (e.g., house) can be left to heirs Used in business partnerships where proceeds used to “cash out” the heirs of deceased partner Proceeds can enrich the lives of those you left behind

Disability Income Insurance Designed to replace a portion of someone’s income – usually 60% Key Terms: Short-term disability – out of work up to 89 days Long-term disability – 90 days to 5 years and maybe lifetime Waiting period – time period after injury before benefits are paid Can be 7 days or 30 days or 60 or 90 or one year Longer waiting period, lower cost of insurance

Sources of Disability Income Insurance Group – provided by employer or association. Weekly or monthly benefits. Lower premiums paid by employer, sometimes employee pays for portion with before tax dollars. Benefits are taxed Individual – monthly benefits. Income not taxed since premiums paid with after-tax dollars Social Security – monthly benefits. Must qualify with SSI definition. Five-month waiting period

Types of Health Insurance Individual – individuals not covered by parents or employers policies or not working. Premiums based on individuals own health risk factors Group – usually provided by employer. Premiums based on claim experience of group Government Provided – Medicare (65+ years or disabled) and Medicaid (low income)

Reducing Health Insurance Premiums Co-payments – small fee paid every time medical service is provided Deductibles – dollar amount the insured must pay before the insurer pays the balance. May be in addition to co-pay Co-insurance – insured must contribute percentage after deductible Example is $100 deductible for medical service in addition to $5 co-pay to see doctor. Insurance company pays 80% above deductible

Basic Medical Expense Coverages Hospital expense – daily room and board in hospital Surgical expense – surgery including surgeon fees Physicians visits – doctor office visits Additional costs – outpatient surgery, x-rays, lab expenses, home health care, extended care, hospice Major medical covers expenses above basic medical expense policy – supplemental or comprehensive

Medicare - 65+ or disabled Part A – Hospital insurance Part B – Medical insurance: doctor, outpatient care, home health Part C – Medical advantage Part D – Prescription drugs

Employees who are injured or exposed to disease during work State mandated benefits including: Lost wages Medical expenses Death benefits Vocational training for new job WC insures employee while working and health/disability insurance insures them when they are not working

Long Term Care Insurance Provides for daily care – nursing or assisted living Medicare only covers skilled nursing care for 100 days

— Insurance and Stages of Life — Use Insurance as Financial Planning to Provide for Your Future