Assessing Passenger Requirements along the D2D Air Travel Chain Enabling a seamless passenger journey today and in the future Annika Paul, Ulrike Kluge Pictures: fotolia, backpacker-magazin.de

Motivation Seamless passenger door-to-door journey Objectives Understanding current and future European transport system from passengers’ perspective Gaining insights into passengers’ expectations, needs, requirements and specific travel behaviour Mobility concepts capable of providing a door-to-door service to customers, addressing the requirements on demand and supply side Approach Analysis of existing data on passenger demand and travel behaviour Consideration of future demand changes using both qualitative and quantitative data Pool of intermodal concepts (current and future) which enable seamless passenger journey Identification of gaps and bottlenecks within the current system and in regard to new concepts and ideas DATASET2050 Final Dissemination Event, 27.11.2017

Passenger characteristics Development of passenger profiles Passenger demand profiles Identification of six current and six future passenger demand profiles Analysis of European data (EU28 + EFTA) Using existing studies on pax profiles Characterisation according to Main travel purpose Age group and income level Usage of ICT Length of stay Travel activity and travel party size Luggage requirements Value of time Access mode choice Etc. Future development of demand drivers (eMarketer (2015), ESPAS (2015), Eurostat (2016), Euromonitor International (2013), ifmo (2013), OECD (2008), OECD (2011), PwC (2015), UN (2015), World Business Council For Sustainable Development (2015) DATASET2050 Final Dissemination Event, 27.11.2017

Demand profiles in 2035 Examples DATASET2050 Final Dissemination Event, 27.11.2017

Distribution of passenger profiles Aligning requirements and solutions accordingly Future passenger demand Age structure Influence on trip-chaining behaviour Household composition Tendency towards smaller households 2025: ~40-45% in the UK, Germany Information and communication technologies Changing working environment Increasing social networks Environmental awareness Current bias between awareness level and action Share of future passenger profiles in regards to overall population in 2030 in per cent (Eurostat, 2016) DATASET2050 Final Dissemination Event, 27.11.2017

Passenger requirements Matching demand with intermodal approaches Definition of high-level key performance indicators (KPIs) resulting from passenger requirements for a seamless journey Repository for existing and future mobility (intermodal) concepts Data collection on considered mobility concepts to assess each indicator Benchmarking of mobility concepts across defined KPIs Comparison of different concepts to assess benefits and drawbacks of each solution Identification of requirements addressing seamless intermodal passenger transport Definition of passenger-related key performance indicators Repository of mobility solutions Assessment of selected mobility solutions according to obtained metric values DATASET2050 Final Dissemination Event, 27.11.2017

Passenger-centric assessment Identification of relevant key performance indicators DATASET2050 Final Dissemination Event, 27.11.2017

Piloted Flying Mobility Intermodal concepts Repository of current and future mobility solutions Mobility concept repository Publicly available information Stakeholder workshop at dissemination event of Mobility4EU project About 90 different mobility solutions Identification of eight distinct mobility clusters based on Distinction by transport mode/ service type Number of modes included National / international scope Degree of market penetration (national / international) Time of implementation Conventional Mobility Piloted Flying Mobility Smart Mobility Autonomous Mobility On Demand Mobility Integrated Mobility Shared Mobility Intermodal Mobility Mobility cluster and number of mobility solutions within each cluster DATASET2050 Final Dissemination Event, 27.11.2017

Modal integration within clusters Number of transport modes within each cluster DATASET2050 Final Dissemination Event, 27.11.2017

Assessment of mobility cluster Performance of cluster in regard to passenger requirements DATASET2050 Final Dissemination Event, 27.11.2017

Identification of gaps How to meet passenger needs? # Aggregated gaps and bottlenecks across clusters High-level action areas 1 Lack of wide coverage of barrier-free mobility solutions and personal assistance if required Technical / mobility solutions providing easy vehicle access and egress Availability of provisional personal assistance services 2 Limited availability of pick-up services at home that can be aligned with individual travel requirements Mobility solutions covering last mile, e.g. providing flexible coverage from door to public transport station 3 Limited provision of offsetting schemes to internalize negative externalities Implementation of incentives schemes to integrate negative externalities in (transport) pricing structure Transparent information enabling comparison of transport alternatives in terms of negative externalities, e.g. CO2 emissions 4 Limited integration of services / products / amenities in the different vehicles, thus enabling productive travel time Integration of communication technologies and to provide a feasible working environment Dedicated working or recreation space within vehicles if designed for large groups of people 5 Unnecessary buffer times during exchange between transport modes and mobility solutions Solutions providing real-time travel information and according alignment of travel itineraries Dedicated interchange platforms between modes to reduce walking distances DATASET2050 Final Dissemination Event, 27.11.2017

Summary Where to go from here? Moving towards a seamless passenger door-to-door journey Data sharing Collaboration between transport providers to provide real-time updates and efficient intermodal alignment Rules and regulations regarding data handling and passenger privacy issues Legal framework Liabilities in terms of delays, lost luggage or reimbursements / revenue sharing Passenger demand pooling Covering “last mile” which often constitutes a bottleneck within seamless journey Further work (CAMERA) Analysis of passenger profiles covering multi-modal and urban transport Assessment of novel mobility solutions and the respective contribution to future European mobility goals DATASET2050 Final Dissemination Event, 27.11.2017