chapter 1 SENTENCES AND SENTENCE FRAGMENTS Teacher Anayansi Santamaria Subject: grammar Year: 2018

What is a sentence? A group of words that has a subject and a verb. A sentence express a complete thought or idea. Examples Shirley chisholm was selected to the u.s. house of representatives in 1968. Subject: verb: complete thought: Shirley chisholm was selected to the u.s. house of representatives in 1968.

What is a sentence fragment? A Word group that looks like a sentence but does not have both a subject or a verb and does not express a complete thought. Example “if i walk home.” (no verb) “on the table.” (no subject) “over there.” (no subject)

FRAGMENT OR SENTENCE? Hit the ball Animals live in the forest Touch the base He is happy the year is beginning Sad day My friend jumps for joy FRAGMENT SENTENCE

SIMPLE AND COMPLETE SUBJECTS

simple subjects DEFINITION EXAMPLES THE MAIN WORD THAT TELLS WHOM OR WHAT THE SENTENCE IS ABOUT. IT IS PART OF THE COMPLETE SUBJECT. THE COMPLETE SUBJECT CONSISTS OF ALL THE WORDS THAT TELL WHO OR WHAT THE SENTENCE IS ABOUT. Traditional inuit dress includes the parka and mukluks. Complete subject: traditional inuit dress. North american indians developed moccasins centuries ago. SIMPLE SUBJECT: INUIT DRESS. Complete subject: north american indians. SIMPLE SUBJECT: NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS.

SIMPLE AND COMPLETE PREDICATES

THE SIMPLE PREDICATE definition IS THE MAIN WORD THAT TELLS SOMETHING ABOUT THE SUBJECT. IT IS PART OF THE COMPLETE PREDICATE. THE COMPLETE PREDICATE IS A VERB AND ALL THE WORDS THAT DESCRIBE IT, SO THEY COMPLETE ITS MEANING. EXAMPLE: THE PARTY OF MY GRANDPARENTS’ FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY ENDED WITH A GRAND DISPLAY OF FIREWORKS. COMPLETE PREDICATE: ENDED WITH A GRAND DISPLAY OF FIREWORKS. SIMPLE PREDICATE: ENDED.

MONTESSORI METHOD FOR SENTENCE DIAGRAMMING

WHO WAS MARIA MONTESSORI? Italian physician and educator Creator of “the Montessori education” Philosopher

Diagramming is a mental discipline that equips you to perform other tasks. It helps the brain

Sentence tree diagram

The main phrase structure rules S = sentence Np = noun phrase Vp = verb phrase V= verb Pp= prepositional phrase N= noun Art= article (also called determiner) P= preposition S (NP) (VP) NP (ART) (N) (PP) VP (Aux) (V) (np) Pp (p) (np)

Drawing the tree structure of the phrase Play with the toy = verb phrase vp v pp p np det n Play with the toy

Draw the tree structure for phrase Repair the telephone The success of the program A film about pollution

Drawing the tree diagram He likes the toy S np vp pronoun (n) v np det n he likes the toy

The children put the toy in the box S np vp det n v np pp det n p np det n the children put the toy in the box

Draw the structure trees for the following sentences Those guests should leave Maria never ate a brownie The student lost the debate PD: IDENTIFY THE SIMPLE AND COMPLETE PREDICATE

The phrase A PHRASE is a group of related words that is used as a single part of speech and does not contain both a verb and its subject. There are several kinds of phrases: noun phrase, prepositional phrase, adjective phrase, the adverb phrase and the verbal phrases (participle, gerund and infinitive).

Noun phrase A group of words that does the work of a noun. It can also be a pronoun or any group of words that can be replaced by a pronoun.

Prepositional phrase A prepositional phrase includes a preposition, a noun or pronoun that is called the object of the preposition, and any modifiers of that object. Example: the seine river flows through paris. The noun “paris” functions as the o.p. of “through.”

The verb phrase The verb phrase consists exclusively of verbs. In most verb phrases, one verb, called the main verb, carries information about what kind of event, activity, state, etc. the verb phrase refers to. Other verbs in the verb phrase, called auxiliary verbs, contribute additional perspectives on the meaning of the verb phrase, relating, for example, to time and modality (possibility, necessity, volition, prediction). 

The compound subject

definition A compound subject consists of two or more connected subjects that have the same verb. Example: Keshia and todd worked a jigsaw puzzle. Compound subject: keshia, todd. Either Carmen or Ernesto will videotape the ceremony tomorrow. Compound subject: Carmen, Ernesto.

Identify compound subjects and their verbs. Underline the compound subject once and the verb twice. (page 15, traditions hardcover book) Children and nature are honored with their own festivals in japan Among japanese nature festivals are the cherry blossom festival and the crysanthemum festival. Fierce dragons and even huge ships fly in the sky during singapore’s kite festival.

The compound verb

Chapter 1: the parts of a sentence A compound verb consists of two or more verbs that have the same subject. A connecting Word (usually and, or, or but) is used between the verbs.

Identify the subject and the compound verb in the following sentences. Linda wrote her essay and practiced the piano last night. Miami is the largest city in southern florida and has been a popular resort area since the 1920’s. According to greek mythology, arachne angered athena and was turned into a spider.

Write an informative paragraph about one of the pictures.

Thankyou! To be continued…