Marc Chagall A Personal Journey in Art (1887 – 1985) Painter, Stained Glass Artist, Muralist

Early Life Marc Chagall was born as Moishe Shagal, near Vitebsk, in Belarus (Russia) in 1887. He was the oldest of nine children in an orthodox Jewish family. His family was very poor, and life in Russia was very hard.

Jewish people were discriminated against, and were not allowed to attend regular schools or universities. His mother bribed a professor to get him into high school. There he noticed a fellow student drawing, something he had never seen done before. It opened up a whole new world for him.

He decided he wanted to become an artist. In 1906, he moved to St. Petersburg, the capital of Russia and its cultural and artistic centre He enrolled in art school and began painting portraits and landscapes. There he met Bella, the woman who would become his wife. In 1910, he moved to Paris and learned about popular styles of painting including Cubism. Although he was interested in what other artists were doing, he maintained his own distinctive style. He became known for his beautiful use of color and for his subject matter, which was a folk art style with images from his Russian, Jewish childhood. The Fiddler (1912)

Chagall and Cubism Cubism and its offshoots were revolutionizing visual arts at this time. With Picasso, Braque and other now-legendary figures, Chagall exploited modernist techniques while never abandoning his personal style. Chagall eventually threw off Cubist-influenced geometry and developed his own style based on free association. In a way, he was producing surreal paintings long before the Surrealist movement got underway in 1924. The Poet 1911

Ghostly figures floating in the sky His wife, Bella He continued painting Jewish motifs and memories of his home in Vitebsk He developed a set of symbols which are repeated in his many paintings. Ghostly figures floating in the sky His wife, Bella Giant fiddlers dancing on tiny dollhouses The circus Animals (like goats) doing human things. I AND THE VILLAGE (1911)

PARIS THROUGH THE WINDOW (1913)

The Blue House (1917)

Bella with White Collar (1917) Chagall wanted to return to Vitebsk to marry Bella. He accepted an invitation to show his work at a gallery in Berlin, with a plan to combine the two trips. While he was there, World War I broke out, and Russia closed its borders, trapping him. Although he was stuck in Russia, with a war going on around him, he was very happy to have married Bella. His paintings of this time are some of his happiest. He celebrated their love with a remarkable series of works that he continued to paint even after her death 30 years later. After the Russian Revolution of 1917, he returned to Paris. Bella with White Collar (1917)

Midsummer Night’s Dream (1939) Beginning in 1937, Adolf Hitler came to power in Berlin and started confiscating works of modern art from German museums. Chagall was both a modern artist and a Jew, so he was unpopular in Germany. He remained in France, not understanding the danger he was in, as World War II ripped Europe apart and Hitler terrorized Jewish people. The New York Museum of Modern Art added his name to a list of prominent artists whose lives were in danger, and Chagall fled France for the United States in 1941, shortly before Germany invaded Russia. Midsummer Night’s Dream (1939)

Wheatfield on a Summers Afternoon(1942) Chagall was an instant celebrity in America. He designed sets and costumes for the New York Ballet Theatre and was adored by critics and art patrons. Wheatfield on a Summers Afternoon(1942) Philadelphia Museum of Art, http://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/82484.html

Only 118 people survived where the population had been 240,000. While he was in America, he learned that the Germans had destroyed his beloved Vitebsk in Russia. Only 118 people survived where the population had been 240,000. In 1944, his wife Bella died and he stopped work for many months. Three Candles (1938-40)

Cow with Parasol (1946)

With World War II over, he returned to the South of France. He painted, made sculptures, ceramics, wall tiles, murals, stained glass windows, mosaics and tapestries. La Mariee (1950)

Paris Opera House ceiling (1963) In 1963 He painted the ceiling of the Paris Opera House. He was 77 years old. It took a year to complete the 2,400 square foot painting. Critics felt it was wrong to have a foreigner doing the job, but when the work was finished, it was so beautiful that even his harshest critics loved it. Paris Opera House ceiling (1963)

Marc Chagall died on March 28, 1985 in Saint-Paul, France. He was 97 years old. A poor child from a place in Russia far removed from the art scene He rose to great fame, making an enormous impact in the world of modern art. His work used color and a mixture of reality and fantasy to tell folk stories and explain his Russian/ Jewish heritage. He lived through an extraordinary period of history, and spent his life painting the world he lived in. His was a personal journey through art that depicted his cultural identity and images of Jewish life in Russia, even though his town and nearly all the people were destroyed.

Emotional Art Chagall’s emotions are evident in his art. Although his life held more than its fair share of tragedy, there was much joy portrayed through his art. His love for his wife, Bella, is shown whenever he is showing an image of her or himself flying or seemingly weightless. He used dark colors and bold lines to depict tragedy. Think of a time when you had very strong emotions: Joy, anger, fear, etc. Use the oil pastels to draw the scene using Chagall’s style: unexpected colors, cubist aspects, darkness or light, overlapping images, etc. This is your personal creation! You do not have to explain it in words. Let your art do your talking like Marc Chagall did.