Diabetes mellitus SGLT2 inhibitors: Novel concepts (cont’d): Sodium-Glucose-Linked-Transporter 2 (SGLT2) : SGLT2 responsible for 90% glucose reuptake in the proximal convoluted tubes If capacity is exceeded, glucose excreted in urine (= diabetes) Na+ gradient created by Na+/K+ ATPase acts as driving force SGLT2 inhibitors: Reduce glucose levels without risk of hypoglycemia Glucose excretion might also benefit weight loss (~300 kCal/day) Associated loss of water via osmosis => lowering of blood pressure Work independent of insulin High risk of urinary tract infections Canagliflozin Approved 2013 Dapagliflozin Empagliflozin