The A,B,C’s of Ancient Egypt By: Mackenzie Michals

A Amulet: Good luck charms worn by the ancient Egyptian people These Charms were also put on mummies before burial Amulets varied in color and size Each amulet shape has a different meaning, and brings different luck

B Book of the Dead: Written on papyrus (Egyptian Paper) The book that gave the mummy spells and help to reach the afterlife Written on papyrus (Egyptian Paper) Put into the coffin with the mummy so he or she could pass through to the afterlife

C Cartonnage: The layers of hardened fabric used to cover the mummy These layers were hardened using a glue like substance called stucco or plaster These layers could then be painted with different colors and symbols

E Embalming: The steps taken to preserve the body for mummification The people would prepare the body and then wrap it in fabric This process was very sacred to the Egyptian people

H Hieroglyphics: The written language of the Ancient Egyptians Hieroglyphics are considered a “pictographic” writing It is said that at any one time the number of hieroglyphic symbols was about 700

I Ibu: The place where the person was taken after they had died This was considered a ‘place of purification’ This is where the body was cleansed before they started the embalming process According to history, the structure of this building was usually a tent

M Mourners People who would cry and weep for the dead This was an important tradition of the Egyptian burial ceremony For the rich and the Kings sometimes the mourners would be hired During the funeral ceremony the mourners were often accompanied by dancers, musicians, and priests

P Pyramid: The tombs for the burial of the Kings and some Queens Another word for the pyramids is “mer” In order to build a single pyramid it took a very large number of workers There are over 100 pyramids that have been discovered

S Sarcophagus: The hard coffin in which a mummy was buried in These coffins could be made out of several different materials During the different periods of Egyptian history the forms of these coffins changed in their shape and decoration

T Tombs: The places where Egyptians were buried The word tomb can be used to describe several different types of burial sites The kings tombs were pyramids, but those who were not royalty were buried in the sides of hills The tombs of the common people either had one room or several rooms

U Ushabti: Small figures placed in the tomb with the mummy These small figures were considered “servants” to the mummy during the afterlife These figures were made out of various materials The ushabti are among the most commonly found artifacts from the ancient Egyptians

W Weighing of the heart: The ceremony where the mummy is to be judged for his or her life The way this ceremony is usually shown is through pictures and hieroglyphics During this ceremony the mummy was to stand before Osiris to face judgment Only those people whose soul is lighter than the feather of truth could enter the next life

Ancient Egypt and the rituals of the Dead As we can see from this vocabulary the Ancient Egyptians placed high value on burial and the afterlife They focused on: How the rituals were performed Why they were sacred The importance of being prepared for the afterlife

Bibliography Slide 1 and 14 Image: by delphaber- CC Artibution http://www.flickr.com/photos/delphaber/3994606240/sizes/m/ Slides 2-14 Image: by pareeerica- CC Artibution http://www.flickr.com/photos/8078381@N03/2713656310/ Slides 2-14 Vocabulary words and Definitions: http://74.125.95.132/search?q=cache:0-hOFj-yhm8J:www.childrensuniversity.manchester.ac.uk/interactives/history/egypt/museum/AncientEgyptianVocabulary.pdf+ancient+egypt+vocab&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us&client=firefox-a Slide 2 Image: by kotomigd- CC Artibution http://www.flickr.com/photos/kotomi-jewelry/2355278096/ Slide 2 Supplementary Info: http://www.cedarseed.com/air/egyptamulets.html Slide 3 image: by soham_pablo- CC Artibution http://www.flickr.com/photos/soham_pablo/313836701/sizes/m/

Bibliography Slide 4 image: by KaDeWeGirl- CC Artibution http://www.flickr.com/photos/kadewegirl/3307057069/sizes/m/ Slide 4 supplementary info: http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/burialcustoms/cartonnage.html Slide 5 supplementary info: http://www.egyptologyonline.com/mummification.htm Slide 6 image: by pareeerica- CC Artibution http://www.flickr.com/photos/8078381@N03/2834148005/sizes/m/ Slide 6 supplementary info: http://www.egyptologyonline.com/hieroglyphs.htm http://www.ancient-egypt-online.com/history-of-hieroglyphics.html Slide 7 supplementary info: http://www2.sptimes.com/Egypt/EgyptCredit.4.3.html Slide 8 supplementary info: http://australianmuseum.net.au/Funerals-in-ancient-Egypt

Bibliography Slide 9 Image: by Andrew®- CC Artibution http://www.flickr.com/photos/waldenpond/4245721502/sizes/l/ Slide 9 supplementary info: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/pyramid/explore/builders.html Slide 11 supplementary info: http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/egypt/tombhistory/ Slide 11 image: by Son of Groucho- CC Artibution http://www.flickr.com/photos/sonofgroucho/912501463/sizes/l/ Slide 12 supplementary info: http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/religion/ushabti.htm#rem1