Releasing Chemical Energy Cellular Respiration Releasing Chemical Energy

December 8th Warm-up #1 due now Cell Respiration notes Activity Capture- take into one's possession or control by force. Product -a chemical substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction

Introduction All organisms must have energy to carry out life processes. So where does this energy come from?

I. Cellular Respiration DEFINITION: The breakdown of glucose to release energy (ATP) for the cell to do work. Energy is stored during photosynthesis. Energy is released during cellular respiration.

Cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria. Cellular respiration occurs in the cells of both autotrophs (plants) and heterotrophs (animals). Cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria. Animal Cell Plant Cell

Cristae are the internal compartments formed by the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. They increase the surface area and help the mitochondria to function very efficiently.

II. Types of Cellular Respiration There are two types of cellular respiration: AEROBIC – with oxygen ANAEROBIC – without oxygen

A. Aerobic Respiration – with oxygen Glycolysis – breakdown of a glucose molecule into 2 pyruvic acids, NADH & ATP in the cytoplasm Krebs Cycle – occurs in the mitochondria Electron Transport Chain – occurs in the mitochondria; more ATP is produced One molecule of glucose produces 36 molecules of ATP

Chemical equation for aerobic respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP glucose + oxygen yields carbon + water + energy dioxide

B. Anaerobic Respiration –without oxygen 1. Glycolysis – breakdown of glucose into two pyruvic acids 2. Fermentation occurs if the process continues without oxygen

a. Alcoholic fermentation in yeasts and bacteria produces ethyl alcohol, CO2 & 2 ATP Used in baking bread and making beer and wine

b. Lactic acid fermentation in animals produces lactic acid & 2 ATP; causes muscle soreness during heavy exercise

III. Comparing Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Function Location Reactants Products Energy storage Energy release Chloroplasts Mitochondria CO2 and H2O C6H12O6 and O2 C6H12O6 and O2 CO2 and H2O Notice that the products of photosynthesis are the reactants of cellular respiration. And the products of cellular respiration are the reactants of photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration