Energy Cycle- Ecosystem Tyler

The Basics For an ecosystem to maintain itself, there must be constant energy flow through all biotic factors. This raw energy is passed through the trophic system from one level to the next This process is very inefficient, at each level of the trophic system, only about 10% of the net energy going into each level, is passed onto the next. 90% is either used or lost.

Energy Flow Chart Once energy is lost, it is out of the system forever Photosynthesis 10% 10% 1st Trophic Level 2nd Trophic Level 3rd Trophic Level 90% energy loss to natural life processes 90% energy loss to natural life processes 90% energy loss to natural life processes Once energy is lost, it is out of the system forever

Human Impact Introducing invasive species Poaching/over fishing Causing an imbalance in the natural energy flow forcing either over population or driving natural species to death Poaching/over fishing People taking to much energy out of the system so the next levels don't get sufficient amounts of energy to survive

Invasive Species According to a study done by Colorado State University, “In the United States, the annual cost of invasive species is estimated at more than $138 billion” (Economic and Ecological Impacts of Invasive Species, 2014) Within the next 2 years from July 12, 2013, Environment Canada hopes to “Develop and implement an early detection and rapid response initiative.”(Great Lakes, 2013) “Implement ballast water discharge programs that are protective of the Great Lakes Basin ecosystem.”(Great Lakes, 2013) “Assess the effectiveness of aquatic invasive species prevention programs and develop and evaluate technology and methods that increase the effectiveness of control, eradication and detection efforts.”(Great Lakes, 2013) “Determine potential aquatic invasive species habitat requirements and additional factors that would affect the establishment and spread of these species.”(Great Lakes, 2013) “Assess the ecosystem impacts of both established and high-risk aquatic invasive species to support rapid response and control programs.”(Great Lakes, 2013) “Implement programs to prevent the introduction and spread of aquatic invasive species, which will include: proactive, binationally-coordinated risk assessments on various pathways; regulations and management strategies; effective barriers that prevent the spread of aquatic invasive species; public education and outreach efforts.”(Great Lakes, 2013)

Poaching No recent negative economic effects directly as a result of Poaching lately due to the laws that were implemented after the Codfish Moratorium in 1992. This Moratorium caused “about 30,000 people in the province out of work and ended a way of life that had endured for generations”(Higgins, Cod Moratorium: Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage) This caused Canada to make laws regulating the quantity of resources being taken out of the environment.

Bibliography Pictures Economic and Ecological Impacts of Invasive Species. (2014, September 3). Invasive Species Economic and Ecological Impacts. Retrieved September 15, 2014, from http://lib.colostate.edu/research/agnic/impacts Great Lakes. (2013, July 12). Government of Canada, Environment Canada. Retrieved September 15, 2014, from https://www.ec.gc.ca/grandslacs-greatlakes/default.asp?lang=En&n=90661FCF-1 Higgins, J. (n.d.). Cod Moratorium: Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage. Cod Moratorium: Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage. Retrieved September 15, 2014, from http://www.heritage.nf.ca/society/moratorium.html Unit 4: Ecosystems. (n.d.). The Habitable Planet Unit 4. Retrieved September 15, 2014, from http://www.learner.org/courses/envsci/unit/text.php?unit=4&secNum=3 Pictures http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grass http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rabbit-closeup-profile-looking.jpg https://openclipart.org/detail/decorative-sun-by-ivak http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_hunting