Early Industry and Inventions Chapter 11, Section 1 Early Industry and Inventions

Free Enterprise and Factories During Industrial Revolution factory machines replace hand tools Manufacturing replaces farming as main form of work Factory system brings workers, machines together under one roof [Visual] People leave farms, move to cities where factories are located

Free Enterprise and Factories Work for wages, have set schedules, way of life changes War of 1812 leads U.S. towards industrialization British blockade causes U.S. to manufacture goods previously imported

Factories Come to New England New England good place to set up successful factories because: fast-moving rivers ships and access to the ocean willing labor force Samuel Slater builds first spinning mill, hires entire families Family system of employment spreads throughout New England

The Lowell Mills Hires Women Francis Cabot Lowell builds factory in Waltham, Massachusetts (1813) Uses power looms, factory is successful, builds factory town—Lowell Lowell mills— textile mills in Lowell, employ farm girls, high wages Girls follow strict rules, read books, publish literary magazine Later factories run by powerful steam engines instead of water power Allow factories to be built away from rivers and beyond New England

New Way to Manufacture U.S. government hires Eli Whitney to make 10,000 muskets for army Guns are made one at a time by gunsmiths, Whitney changes this method Uses interchangeable parts, parts exactly alike, to make guns (1801) Speeds up production, makes repairs easy, uses less-skilled workers Requires close supervision, gives workers less independence

Moving People, Goods and Messages Robert Fulton invents steamboat, puts Clermont on Hudson River (1807) Clermont makes trip from New York to Albany and back in record time Henry Miller Shreve designs a more powerful steam engine Enables steamboats to travel upriver, against current

Moving People, Goods and Messages Samuel F. B. Morse first demonstrates the telegraph in 1837 Enables people to communicate in seconds between cities By 1861, telegraph lines span U.S., brings people closer as a nation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cnF5SAn-8RM&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1

Improved Farming John Deere invents steel plow (1836) makes plowing Midwestern soil easier more farmers move to Midwest Mechanical reaper, threshing machine improves agriculture Farmers feed factory workers, become market for factory goods Growth of Northeastern textile mills increases Southern cotton demand