Martin J. Bishop, Edward Vigmond, Gernot Plank  Biophysical Journal 

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Cardiac Bidomain Bath-Loading Effects during Arrhythmias: Interaction with Anatomical Heterogeneity  Martin J. Bishop, Edward Vigmond, Gernot Plank  Biophysical Journal  Volume 101, Issue 12, Pages 2871-2881 (December 2011) DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.10.052 Copyright © 2011 Biophysical Society Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Effects of bath-loading during pacing in the slab model without transmural fiber rotation. Vm distributions for BDMNB (left) and BDM (right), 50 ms following pacing stimulus along the x = 0 (top) and y = 3 cm (bottom) planes. Biophysical Journal 2011 101, 2871-2881DOI: (10.1016/j.bpj.2011.10.052) Copyright © 2011 Biophysical Society Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Effects of bath-loading during arrhythmias in the slab model without transmural fiber rotation. (a) Vm distributions (top row) and filaments shown (bottom row) for the BDM (top panel) and BDMNB (bottom panel) cases for time instances 50–350 ms following arrhythmia induction. Right panel shows an example of wavebreak in both models. Variation in total number of individual filaments present in each ms of the simulation (b) and total mean filament length (c) over the duration of the arrhythmia episodes for the BDM (red) and BDMNB (blue) cases. Biophysical Journal 2011 101, 2871-2881DOI: (10.1016/j.bpj.2011.10.052) Copyright © 2011 Biophysical Society Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Effects of bath-loading during pacing in the slab model with transmural fiber rotation. Vm distributions for BDMNB (left) and BDM (right), 50 ms following pacing stimulus along the x = 0 (top) and y = 3 cm (bottom) planes. Biophysical Journal 2011 101, 2871-2881DOI: (10.1016/j.bpj.2011.10.052) Copyright © 2011 Biophysical Society Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Effects of bath-loading during arrhythmias in the slab model with fiber rotation. (a) Vm distributions (top row) and filaments shown (bottom row) for BDM (top panel) and BDMNB (bottom panel) cases for time instances 50–300 ms following arrhythmia induction. Variation in total number of individual filaments present in each ms of the simulation (a) and total mean filament length (b) over the duration of the arrhythmia episodes for the BDM (solid) and BDMNB (dashed) cases. Biophysical Journal 2011 101, 2871-2881DOI: (10.1016/j.bpj.2011.10.052) Copyright © 2011 Biophysical Society Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Effects of bath-loading during pacing in the whole-ventricular model. Vm distributions following pacing shown for BDMNB (left) and BDM (right) cases, for apical (top) and transmural (bottom) stimulation. Biophysical Journal 2011 101, 2871-2881DOI: (10.1016/j.bpj.2011.10.052) Copyright © 2011 Biophysical Society Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 (a) Histograms showing durations of arrhythmias within the whole ventricular model where post-shock behavior is computed using the BDM (top) and BDMNB (bottom) approaches. (b) Premature termination of arrhythmia in whole-ventricular model with BDM approach. Vm distributions within the volume of the ventricles at certain instances in time following the attempted induction of an arrhythmia with CI = 195 ms in the BDM (top panel) and BDMNB (bottom panel) cases. For each panel, posterior epicardial views (top row), as well as views taken with an axial slice to expose anterior endocardial surfaces and septum (bottom row), are shown. White curved arrows show rotation direction of induced arrhythmia. Biophysical Journal 2011 101, 2871-2881DOI: (10.1016/j.bpj.2011.10.052) Copyright © 2011 Biophysical Society Terms and Conditions

Figure 7 (a) Comparison of sustained episodes of arrhythmia in ventricular model with BDM and BDMNB approaches. Vm distributions and filament locations within the ventricular volume at certain times following arrhythmia induction with CI = 180 ms in the BDM (left panel) and BDMNB (right panel) cases. For each panel, posterior epicardial views (top row), and longitudinal slices to expose anterior endocardial surfaces/septum (center row), are shown, with filament locations identified (bottom row). Variation in total number of filaments present in each ms of the simulation (b) and total mean filament length (c) over the duration of arrhythmia episodes for BDM (solid) and BDMNB (dashed) cases within the ventricular model for CI = 180. Biophysical Journal 2011 101, 2871-2881DOI: (10.1016/j.bpj.2011.10.052) Copyright © 2011 Biophysical Society Terms and Conditions