Volume 64, Issue 4, Pages 610-621 (October 2013) Future Direction in Pharmacotherapy for Non-neurogenic Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Roberto Soler, Karl-Erik Andersson, Michael B. Chancellor, Christopher R. Chapple, William C. de Groat, Marcus J. Drake, Christian Gratzke, Richard Lee, Francisco Cruz European Urology Volume 64, Issue 4, Pages 610-621 (October 2013) DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.04.042 Copyright © 2013 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions
Fig. 1 Pathophysiologic mechanisms and targets for pharmacotherapy for male lower urinary tract symptoms. Ach=acetylcholine; ANS=autonomic nervous system; ATP=adenosine triphosphate; CB-R=cannabinoid receptors; M3-R=M3 muscarinic receptor; NGF=nerve growth factor; NO=nitric oxide; P-R=purinergic receptors; TRP=transient receptor potential (channels); α1a-AR=α1A-adrenoreceptor; α1D-AR=α1D-adrenoreceptor; β3-AR=β3-adrenoreceptor. European Urology 2013 64, 610-621DOI: (10.1016/j.eururo.2013.04.042) Copyright © 2013 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions