Examples of Rhetorical Devices: Parallelism Restatement Repetition Analogy

1 Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to assure the survival and the success of liberty. John F. Kennedy Presidential Inaugural Address delivered 20 January 1961

Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to assure the survival and the success of liberty. John F. Kennedy Presidential Inaugural Address delivered 20 January 1961

Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to assure the survival and the success of liberty. PARALLELISM John F. Kennedy Presidential Inaugural Address delivered 20 January 1961

2 To those new states whom we welcome to the ranks of the free, we pledge our word that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny. We shall not always expect to find them supporting our view. But we shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom -- and to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. John F. Kennedy Presidential Inaugural Address delivered 20 January 1961

To those new states whom we welcome to the ranks of the free, we pledge our word that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny. We shall not always expect to find them supporting our view. But we shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom -- and to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. John F. Kennedy Presidential Inaugural Address delivered 20 January 1961

To those new states whom we welcome to the ranks of the free, we pledge our word that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny. We shall not always expect to find them supporting our view. But we shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom -- and to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. ANALOGY John F. Kennedy Presidential Inaugural Address delivered 20 January 1961

3 We dare not tempt them with weakness 3 We dare not tempt them with weakness. For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed. John F. Kennedy Presidential Inaugural Address delivered 20 January 1961

We dare not tempt them with weakness We dare not tempt them with weakness. For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed. John F. Kennedy Presidential Inaugural Address delivered 20 January 1961

We dare not tempt them with weakness We dare not tempt them with weakness. For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed. REPETITION John F. Kennedy Presidential Inaugural Address delivered 20 January 1961

4 And, if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion, let both sides join in creating a new endeavor -- not a new balance of power, but a new world of law -- where the strong are just, and the weak secure, and the peace preserved. John F. Kennedy Presidential Inaugural Address delivered 20 January 1961

And, if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion, let both sides join in creating a new endeavor -- not a new balance of power, but a new world of law -- where the strong are just, and the weak secure, and the peace preserved. John F. Kennedy Presidential Inaugural Address delivered 20 January 1961

And, if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion, let both sides join in creating a new endeavor -- not a new balance of power, but a new world of law -- where the strong are just, and the weak secure, and the peace preserved. ANALOGY John F. Kennedy Presidential Inaugural Address delivered 20 January 1961

5 In such a spirit on my part and on yours we face our common difficulties. They concern, thank God, only material things. Values have shrunk to fantastic levels; taxes have risen; our ability to pay has fallen; government of all kinds is faced by serious curtailment of income; the means of exchange are frozen in the currents of trade; the withered leaves of industrial enterprise lie on every side; farmers find no markets for their produce; and the savings of many years in thousands of families are gone. Franklin Delano Roosevelt  First Inaugural Address Delivered 4 March 1933 

In such a spirit on my part and on yours we face our common difficulties. They concern, thank God, only material things. Values have shrunk to fantastic levels; taxes have risen; our ability to pay has fallen; government of all kinds is faced by serious curtailment of income; the means of exchange are frozen in the currents of trade; the withered leaves of industrial enterprise lie on every side; farmers find no markets for their produce; and the savings of many years in thousands of families are gone. Franklin Delano Roosevelt  First Inaugural Address Delivered 4 March 1933 

In such a spirit on my part and on yours we face our common difficulties. They concern, thank God, only material things. Values have shrunk to fantastic levels; taxes have risen; our ability to pay has fallen; government of all kinds is faced by serious curtailment of income; the means of exchange are frozen in the currents of trade; the withered leaves of industrial enterprise lie on every side; farmers find no markets for their produce; and the savings of many years in thousands of families are gone. PARALLELISM Franklin Delano Roosevelt  First Inaugural Address Delivered 4 March 1933 

civilization. We may now restore that temple to the ancient truths. 6 Yes, the money changers have fled from their high seats in the temple of our  civilization. We may now restore that  temple to the ancient truths. Franklin Delano Roosevelt  First Inaugural Address Delivered 4 March 1933 

civilization. We may now restore that temple to the ancient truths. Yes, the money changers have fled from their high seats in the temple of our  civilization. We may now restore that  temple to the ancient truths. Franklin Delano Roosevelt  First Inaugural Address Delivered 4 March 1933 

Yes, the money changers have fled from their high seats in the temple of our  civilization. We may now restore that  temple to the ancient truths. ANALOGY Franklin Delano Roosevelt  First Inaugural Address Delivered 4 March 1933 

7 We must act. We must act quickly. Franklin Delano Roosevelt  First Inaugural Address Delivered 4 March 1933 

We must act. We must act quickly. Franklin Delano Roosevelt  First Inaugural Address Delivered 4 March 1933 

REPETITION We must act. We must act quickly. Franklin Delano Roosevelt  First Inaugural Address Delivered 4 March 1933 

8 It was one hundred and forty four years ago that members of the Democratic Party first met in convention to select a Presidential candidate. Since that time, Democrats have continued to convene once every four years and draft a party platform and nominate a Presidential candidate. And our meeting this week is a continuation of that tradition. But there is something different about tonight. There is something special about tonight. Barbara Jordan Democratic National Convention Keynote Address Delivered 12 July 1976, New York, NY

It was one hundred and forty four years ago that members of the Democratic Party first met in convention to select a Presidential candidate. Since that time, Democrats have continued to convene once every four years and draft a party platform and nominate a Presidential candidate. And our meeting this week is a continuation of that tradition. But there is something different about tonight. There is something special about tonight. Barbara Jordan Democratic National Convention Keynote Address Delivered 12 July 1976, New York, NY

It was one hundred and forty four years ago that members of the  Democratic Party first met in convention to select a Presidential candidate. Since that time, Democrats have continued to convene once every four years and draft a party platform and nominate a Presidential candidate. And our meeting this week is a continuation of that tradition. But there is something different about tonight. There is something special about tonight. RESTATEMENT Barbara Jordan Democratic National Convention Keynote Address Delivered 12 July 1976, New York, NY

9 It's just like when you've got some coffee that's too black, which means it's too strong. What do you do? You integrate it with cream, you make it weak. But if you pour too much cream in it, you won't even know you ever had coffee. It used to be hot, it becomes cool. It used to be strong, it becomes weak. It used to wake you up, now it puts you to sleep. This is what they did with the march on Washington. They joined it. They didn't integrate it, they infiltrated it. They joined it, became a part of it, took it over. And as they took it over, it lost its militancy. It ceased to be angry, it ceased to be hot, it ceased to be uncompromising. "Message to the Grass Roots" by Malcolm X delivered 10 November 1963 in Detroit, MI

It's just like when you've got some coffee that's too black, which means it's too strong. What do you do? You integrate it with cream, you make it weak. But if you pour too much cream in it, you won't even know you ever had coffee. It used to be hot, it becomes cool. It used to be strong, it becomes weak. It used to wake you up, now it puts you to sleep. This is what they did with the march on Washington. They joined it. They didn't integrate it, they infiltrated it. They joined it, became a part of it, took it over. And as they took it over, it lost its militancy. It ceased to be angry, it ceased to be hot, it ceased to be uncompromising. "Message to the Grass Roots" by Malcolm X delivered 10 November 1963 in Detroit, MI

It's just like when you've got some coffee that's too black, which means it's too strong. What do you do? You integrate it with cream, you make it weak. But if you pour too much cream in it, you won't even know you ever had coffee. It used to be hot, it becomes cool. It used to be strong, it becomes weak. It used to wake you up, now it puts you to sleep. This is what they did with the march on Washington. They joined it. They didn't integrate it, they infiltrated it. They joined it, became a part of it, took it over. And as they took it over, it lost its militancy. It ceased to be angry, it ceased to be hot, it ceased to be uncompromising. ANALOGY "Message to the Grass Roots" by Malcolm X delivered 10 November 1963 in Detroit, MI

10 We are a people in a quandary about the present 10 We are a people in a quandary about the present. We are a people in search of our future. We are a people in search of a national community. We are a people trying not only to solve the problems of the present, unemployment, inflation, but we are attempting on a larger scale to full the promise of America. Barbara Jordan Democratic National Convention Keynote Address Delivered 12 July 1976, New York, NY

We are a people in a quandary about the present We are a people in a quandary about the present. We are a people in search of our future. We are a people in search of a national community. We are a people trying not only to solve the problems of the present, unemployment, inflation, but we are attempting on a larger scale to full the promise of America. Barbara Jordan Democratic National Convention Keynote Address Delivered 12 July 1976, New York, NY

We are a people in a quandary about the present We are a people in a quandary about the present. We are a people in search of our future. We are a people in search of a national community. We are a people trying not only to solve the problems of the present, unemployment, inflation, but we are attempting on a larger scale to full the promise of America. REPETITION Barbara Jordan Democratic National Convention Keynote Address Delivered 12 July 1976, New York, NY

11 Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us. Let both sides, for the first time, formulate serious and precise proposals for the inspection and control of arms, and bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations. Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors. Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths, and encourage the arts and commerce. Let both sides unite to heed, in all corners of the earth, the command of Isaiah -- to "undo the heavy burdens, and [to] let the oppressed go free."¹ John F. Kennedy Presidential Inaugural Address delivered 20 January 1961

Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us. Let both sides, for the first time, formulate serious and precise proposals for the inspection and control of arms, and bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations. Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors. Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths, and encourage the arts and commerce. Let both sides unite to heed, in all corners of the earth, the command of Isaiah -- to "undo the heavy burdens, and [to] let the oppressed go free."¹ John F. Kennedy Presidential Inaugural Address delivered 20 January 1961

Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us. Let both sides, for the first time, formulate serious and precise proposals for the inspection and control of arms, and bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations. Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors. Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths, and encourage the arts and commerce. Let both sides unite to heed, in all corners of the earth, the command of Isaiah -- to "undo the heavy burdens, and [to] let the oppressed go free."¹ REPETITION John F. Kennedy Presidential Inaugural Address delivered 20 January 1961

12 The citizens of America expect more 12 The citizens of America expect more. They deserve and they want more than a recital of problems.  Barbara Jordan Democratic National Convention Keynote Address Delivered 12 July 1976, New York, NY

The citizens of America expect more The citizens of America expect more. They deserve and they want more than a recital of problems.  Barbara Jordan Democratic National Convention Keynote Address Delivered 12 July 1976, New York, NY

The citizens of America expect more The citizens of America expect more. They deserve and they want more than a recital of problems.  RESTATEMENT Barbara Jordan Democratic National Convention Keynote Address Delivered 12 July 1976, New York, NY

13 Many fear the future. Many are distrustful of their leaders and believe that their voices are never heard. Many seek only to satisfy their private wants; to satisfy their private interests. Barbara Jordan Democratic National Convention Keynote Address Delivered 12 July 1976, New York, NY

Many fear the future. Many are distrustful of their leaders and believe that their voices are never heard. Many seek only to satisfy their private wants; to satisfy their private interests. Barbara Jordan Democratic National Convention Keynote Address Delivered 12 July 1976, New York, NY

Many fear the future. Many are distrustful of their leaders and believe that their voices are never heard. Many seek only to satisfy their private wants; to satisfy their private interests. REPETITION Barbara Jordan Democratic National Convention Keynote Address Delivered 12 July 1976, New York, NY

14 In other times, I could stand here and give this kind of exposition on the beliefs of the Democratic Party and that would be enough. But today that is not enough. People want more. Barbara Jordan Democratic National Convention Keynote Address Delivered 12 July 1976, New York, NY

In other times, I could stand here and give this kind of exposition on the beliefs of the Democratic Party and that would be enough. But today that is not enough. People want more. Barbara Jordan Democratic National Convention Keynote Address Delivered 12 July 1976, New York, NY

RESTATEMENT and REPETITION In other times, I could stand here and give this kind of exposition on the beliefs of the Democratic Party and that would be enough. But today that is not enough. People want more. RESTATEMENT and REPETITION Barbara Jordan Democratic National Convention Keynote Address Delivered 12 July 1976, New York, NY

15 A nation is formed by the willingness of each of us to share in the responsibility for upholding the common good. A government is invigorated when each one of us is willing to participate in shaping the future of this nation. Barbara Jordan Democratic National Convention Keynote Address Delivered 12 July 1976, New York, NY

A nation is formed by the willingness of each of us to share in the responsibility for upholding the common good. A government is invigorated when each one of us is willing to participate in shaping the future of this nation. Barbara Jordan Democratic National Convention Keynote Address Delivered 12 July 1976, New York, NY

A nation is formed by the willingness of each of us to share in the responsibility for upholding the common good. A government is invigorated when each one of us is willing to participate in shaping the future of this nation. PARALLELISM Barbara Jordan Democratic National Convention Keynote Address Delivered 12 July 1976, New York, NY

16 There is no Negro problem. There is no Southern problem 16 There is no Negro problem. There is no Southern problem. There is no Northern problem. There is only an American problem. And we are met here tonight as Americans not as Democrats or Republicans. We are met here as Americans to solve that problem. Lyndon Baines Johnson “We Shall Overcome”  delivered 15 March 1965, Washington, D.C.

There is no Negro problem. There is no Southern problem There is no Negro problem. There is no Southern problem. There is no Northern problem. There is only an American problem. And we are met here tonight as Americans not as Democrats or Republicans. We are met here as Americans to solve that problem. Lyndon Baines Johnson “We Shall Overcome”  delivered 15 March 1965, Washington, D.C.

There is no Negro problem. There is no Southern problem There is no Negro problem. There is no Southern problem. There is no Northern problem. There is only an American problem. And we are met here tonight as Americans not as Democrats or Republicans. We are met here as Americans to solve that problem. REPETITION Lyndon Baines Johnson “We Shall Overcome”  delivered 15 March 1965, Washington, D.C.

17 There is no reason which can excuse the denial of that right 17 There is no reason which can excuse the denial of that right. There is no duty which weighs more heavily on us than the duty we have to ensure that right. Lyndon Baines Johnson “We Shall Overcome”  delivered 15 March 1965, Washington, D.C.

There is no reason which can excuse the denial of that right There is no reason which can excuse the denial of that right. There is no duty which weighs more heavily on us than the duty we have to ensure that right. Lyndon Baines Johnson “We Shall Overcome”  delivered 15 March 1965, Washington, D.C.

There is no reason which can excuse the denial of that right There is no reason which can excuse the denial of that right. There is no duty which weighs more heavily on us than the duty we have to ensure that right. REPETITION Lyndon Baines Johnson “We Shall Overcome”  delivered 15 March 1965, Washington, D.C.

18 There is no constitutional issue here 18 There is no constitutional issue here.  The command of the Constitution is plain.  Lyndon Baines Johnson “We Shall Overcome”  delivered 15 March 1965, Washington, D.C.

There is no constitutional issue here There is no constitutional issue here.  The command of the Constitution is plain.  Lyndon Baines Johnson “We Shall Overcome”  delivered 15 March 1965, Washington, D.C.

There is no constitutional issue here There is no constitutional issue here.  The command of the Constitution is plain.  RESTATEMENT Lyndon Baines Johnson “We Shall Overcome”  delivered 15 March 1965, Washington, D.C.

Lyndon Baines Johnson “We Shall Overcome” 19 I want to be the President who educated young children to the wonders of the world. I want to be the President who helped to feed the hungry and to prepare them to be tax payers instead of tax eaters. I want to be the President who helped the poor to find their own way and who protected the right of every citizen to vote in every election. I want to be the President who helped to end hatred among his fellow men, and who promoted love among the people of all races and all religions and all parties. I want to be the President who helped to end the war among the brothers of this earth. Lyndon Baines Johnson “We Shall Overcome”  delivered 15 March 1965, Washington, D.C.

Lyndon Baines Johnson “We Shall Overcome” I want to be the President who educated young children to the wonders of the world. I want to be the President who helped to feed the hungry and to prepare them to be tax payers instead of tax eaters. I want to be the President who helped the poor to find their own way and who protected the right of every citizen to vote in every election. I want to be the President who helped to end hatred among his fellow men, and who promoted love among the people of all races and all religions and all parties. I want to be the President who helped to end the war among the brothers of this earth. Lyndon Baines Johnson “We Shall Overcome”  delivered 15 March 1965, Washington, D.C.

REPETITION Lyndon Baines Johnson “We Shall Overcome” I want to be the President who educated young children to the wonders of the world. I want to be the President who helped to feed the hungry and to prepare them to be tax payers instead of tax eaters. I want to be the President who helped the poor to find their own way and who protected the right of every citizen to vote in every election. I want to be the President who helped to end hatred among his fellow men, and who promoted love among the people of all races and all religions and all parties. I want to be the President who helped to end the war among the brothers of this earth. REPETITION Lyndon Baines Johnson “We Shall Overcome”  delivered 15 March 1965, Washington, D.C.

20 Let this conference be our -- and the world’s -- call to action 20 Let this conference be our -- and the world’s -- call to action. Let us heed that call so we can create a world in which every woman is treated with respect and dignity, every boy and girl is loved and cared for equally, and every family has the hope of a strong and stable future. Hillary Rodham Clinton Remarks to the U.N. 4th World Conference on Women Plenary Session Delivered 5 September 1995, Beijing, China

Let this conference be our -- and the world’s -- call to action Let this conference be our -- and the world’s -- call to action. Let us heed that call so we can create a world in which every woman is treated with respect and dignity, every boy and girl is loved and cared for equally, and every family has the hope of a strong and stable future. Hillary Rodham Clinton Remarks to the U.N. 4th World Conference on Women Plenary Session Delivered 5 September 1995, Beijing, China

Let this conference be our -- and the world’s -- call to action Let this conference be our -- and the world’s -- call to action. Let us heed that call so we can create a world in which every woman is treated with respect and dignity, every boy and girl is loved and cared for equally, and every family has the hope of a strong and stable future. PARALLELISM Hillary Rodham Clinton Remarks to the U.N. 4th World Conference on Women Plenary Session Delivered 5 September 1995, Beijing, China

21 Let us hope that this spirit will become the order of the day 21 Let us hope that this spirit will become the order of the day. We can no longer afford to worship the god of hate or bow before the altar of retaliation. The oceans of history are made turbulent by the ever-rising tides of hate. History is cluttered with the wreckage of nations and individuals that pursued this self- defeating path of hate. “A Time to Break Silence” Rev. Martin Luther King April 4, 1967 Riverside Church, New York City

Let us hope that this spirit will become the order of the day Let us hope that this spirit will become the order of the day. We can no longer afford to worship the god of hate or bow before the altar of retaliation. The oceans of history are made turbulent by the ever-rising tides of hate. History is cluttered with the wreckage of nations and individuals that pursued this self- defeating path of hate. “A Time to Break Silence” Rev. Martin Luther King April 4, 1967 Riverside Church, New York City

Let us hope that this spirit will become the order of the day Let us hope that this spirit will become the order of the day. We can no longer afford to worship the god of hate or bow before the altar of retaliation. The oceans of history are made turbulent by the ever-rising tides of hate. History is cluttered with the wreckage of nations and individuals that pursued this self- defeating path of hate. ANALOGY “A Time to Break Silence” Rev. Martin Luther King April 4, 1967 Riverside Church, New York City

22 If we promise as public officials, we must deliver 22 If we promise as public officials, we must  deliver. If we as public officials propose, we  must produce. Barbara Jordan Democratic National Convention Keynote Address Delivered 12 July 1976, New York, NY

If we promise as public officials, we must deliver If we promise as public officials, we must  deliver. If we as public officials propose, we  must produce. Barbara Jordan Democratic National Convention Keynote Address Delivered 12 July 1976, New York, NY

If we promise as public officials, we must deliver If we promise as public officials, we must  deliver. If we as public officials propose, we  must produce. PARALLELISM Barbara Jordan Democratic National Convention Keynote Address Delivered 12 July 1976, New York, NY

23 There are many people in the world who really don’t understand, or say they don’t, what is the great issue between the free world and the Communist world. Let them come to Berlin. There are some who say that communism is the wave of the future. Let them come to Berlin. And there are some who say, in Europe and elsewhere, we can work with the Communists. Let them come to Berlin. And there are even a few who say that it is true that communism is an evil system, but it permits us to make economic progress. Lass’ sie nach Berlin kommen. Let them come to Berlin. John F. Kennedy Ich bin ein Berliner (I am a ‘Berliner’) delivered 26 June 1963, West Berlin

There are many people in the world who really don’t understand, or say they don’t, what is the great issue between the free world and the Communist world. Let them come to Berlin. There are some who say that communism is the wave of the future. Let them come to Berlin. And there are some who say, in Europe and elsewhere, we can work with the Communists. Let them come to Berlin. And there are even a few who say that it is true that communism is an evil system, but it permits us to make economic progress. Lass’ sie nach Berlin kommen. Let them come to Berlin. John F. Kennedy Ich bin ein Berliner (I am a ‘Berliner’) delivered 26 June 1963, West Berlin

There are many people in the world who really don’t understand, or say they don’t, what is the great issue between the free world and the Communist world. Let them come to Berlin. There are some who say that communism is the wave of the future. Let them come to Berlin. And there are some who say, in Europe and elsewhere, we can work with the Communists. Let them come to Berlin. And there are even a few who say that it is true that communism is an evil system, but it permits us to make economic progress. Lass’ sie nach Berlin kommen. Let them come to Berlin. REPETITION John F. Kennedy Ich bin ein Berliner (I am a ‘Berliner’) delivered 26 June 1963, West Berlin

24 We want to have just an off-the-cuff chat between you and me, us 24 We want to have just an off-the-cuff chat between you and me, us. We want to talk right down to earth in a language that everybody here can easily understand. "Message to the Grass Roots" by Malcolm X delivered 10 November 1963 in Detroit, MI

We want to have just an off-the-cuff chat between you and me, us We want to have just an off-the-cuff chat between you and me, us. We want to talk right down to earth in a language that everybody here can easily understand. "Message to the Grass Roots" by Malcolm X delivered 10 November 1963 in Detroit, MI

We want to have just an off-the-cuff chat between you and me, us We want to have just an off-the-cuff chat between you and me, us. We want to talk right down to earth in a language that everybody here can easily understand. RESTATEMENT "Message to the Grass Roots" by Malcolm X delivered 10 November 1963 in Detroit, MI