AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY CH 20n CLASS NOTES 16o Commercialization and the Transformation of the Rural Sector

CH 20: Guiding Q How is the geography of agriculture changing in the Third Agricultural Revolution, and what are the impacts?

Review: Difference between Subsistence & Commercial Farming For personal consumption Small farms Common Methods Slash and Burn Shifting Cultivation Labor INTENSIVE Nomadic Pastoralism Commercial For sale Large farms Common Methods Use of Biochemical fertilizers to replenish soil Labor EXTENSIVE Shifting Cultivation- Plant until land stops producing, then rotate the fields they cultivate in order to let the soil replenish its nutrients. Slash and Burn- Burn down forest land or old crops to provide rich new soil

Commercial Agriculture Evolves Feudalism Industrialization Imperialism – Seek Colonies & new land Suitable Environments & plentiful labor = New farm types

Making Money Commercial Agriculture – World markets for agricultural goods Luxury Crops – coffee, tea, tobacco

Cash Crops Non-subsistence Colonially imposed on poor countries Sugar, Cotton, Tobacco, Indigo, Rubber Plantation Agriculture – Cash Crop grown on large estates (monoculture) Poor countries need $ generated this way

World Agriculture

Areas of Commercial Agriculture 1. Dairying 2. Fruit Crops 3. Mixed livestock & Crop Farming 4. Commercial Grain Farming

Different Crops / Different Societies WORLD’S 2 KEY GRAIN CROPS 1. WHEAT = Grown on large estates = Mechanized methods = Wealthier countries 2. RICE = Smaller land plots = labor intensive = poorer countries

Important Cash / Luxury Crops NOT Easily Mapped? “ILLEGAL” DRUGS Demand great in wealthy countries Profitable for poorer farmers to grow Poppy or Coca Plants HUGE source of revenue for Poor Countries

Coca Plant Poppy Plant

3rd Agricultural Revolution Biotechnology Agribusiness – Large scale, mechanized, industrial agriculture controlled by corporate interests Suitcase Farm – Grain farm no one lives on

Agribusiness Corporations

The Green Revolution (farming) Higher yield crops for developing countries claim Rice, wheat, corn Adv. Farming technologies = Increased Production claim Narrow gap between pop growth and food need (Malthus) Has it worked???

Frankenfoods

The Labeling Debate

CA Bill Defeated

GMO Banned Countries

CH 20: Guiding Q How is the geography of agriculture changing in the Third Agricultural Revolution, and what are the impacts?

UNIT 5 OVERARCHING Q How does the relationship with the land, both in terms of food production and habitation, influence a country’s decisions / actions?