Extraction and Visualisation of Emotion from News Articles Eva Hanser, Paul Mc Kevitt School of Computing & Intelligent Systems Faculty of Computing & Engineering University of Ulster, Magee

News Visualisation – Emotion Extraction 1 Introduction – What is NewsViz? 2 Background – Related Projects 3 Design & Implementation – The NewsViz Application 4 Prototype Demonstration 6 Testing 7 Relation to Other Work 8 Conclusion & Future Work

What is NewsViz? From natural language to visual presentation: NewsViz automatically produces animations from text Input: News Visualisation – Emotion Extraction Online News Article Animation NewsViz System Output:

Aim: Animation embedded into news website Objectives: Entertainment Quick overview Emotional aspects >> view website What is NewsViz? News Visualisation – Emotion Extraction

The Challenges: 1. Natural Language Processing (computational interpretation of meaning of text) 2. Automatic creation of animations A manageable project: Prototype limited to one topic: football news Focus on determining emotional aspects Reduced to background visualisation What is NewsViz? News Visualisation – Emotion Extraction

Syntactic Analysis (based on grammar): Part-of-Speech Tagging (e.g. Qtag) identifying word types such as nouns, adjectives, verbs, … 95-97% correct Qtag Tag-listTagged text Bayern_VB Munich_NP stretched_VBD their_DPS lead_NN at_PRP the_AT top_NN as_CJS Hamburg_NP suffered_VBD a_AT tragic _JJ surprise_NN home_NN loss_NN._. PRPpreposition JJadjective, general NNnoun, common singular NNSnoun, common plural NPnoun, proper singular VBverb, base from VBDverb, past tense... Related Projects News Visualisation – Emotion Extraction

WordsEye: Creates static 3D scenes from text input WordsEye Related Projects News Visualisation – Emotion Extraction

WordsEye – Description and Rendered Image The skiff is on the ocean. The grassy mountain is 20 feet behind the boat. The dog is in the boat. The fishing pole is two feet in front of the dog. The bottom of the palm tree is below the bottom of the mountain. It is 20 feet behind the boat. WordsEye Related Projects News Visualisation – Emotion Extraction

More Syntax Analysis: Structure of Sentences Dependency Parser (e.g. used in WordsEye) Finding relations between words and phrases Dependency rules Who? Does? What? WordsEye Related Projects News Visualisation – Emotion Extraction

WordsEye Related Projects News Visualisation – Emotion Extraction Graphical Database in WordsEye 3D objects, their attributes (colour, size, surface)

Semantic Analysis (based on meaning): Lexical Knowledgebase (e.g. WordNet) sets of synonymous words and basic semantic relations Semantic Relation Synonymy (similar) Antonymy (opposite) Hyponymy (subordinate) Meronymy (part) Troponomy (manner) Entailment Examples pipe, tube sad, unhappy wet, dry rapidly, slowly maple, tree tree, plant wheel, car whisper, speak divorce, marry Syntactic Category N, V, Aj, Av Aj, Av, (N, V) N V WordNet Related Projects News Visualisation – Emotion Extraction

The Story Picturing Engine: matching keywords + image regions step 1: filtering out common words (a, the, of, …) step 2: identification of proper words (places and people involved) step 3: similarity count of remaining keywords (words with too many meanings are too vague) … further steps for image processing Story Picturing Engine Related Projects News Visualisation – Emotion Extraction

Example text on walk through Paris H = highest ranked images, L = Lowest ranked images Story Picturing Engine Related Projects News Visualisation – Emotion Extraction

NewsViz Architecture NewsViz News Visualisation – Emotion Extraction

Emotion Visualiser NewsViz News Visualisation – Emotion Extraction

Graphics Database Abstract Visuals for 4 Emotions 2 - boring 4 - happy 3 - tense 1 - sad NewsViz News Visualisation – Emotion Extraction

Word Lexicon with Emotion Indices challenges 3 <!– tension 3 … home 4 <!– happy 1 gaps 1 <!– sad 2 NewsViz News Visualisation – Emotion Extraction

Summarization Options NewsViz News Visualisation – Emotion Extraction

Demonstration News Visualisation – Emotion Extraction

Demonstration News Visualisation – Emotion Extraction

Demonstration News Visualisation – Emotion Extraction

Demonstration News Visualisation – Emotion Extraction

Demonstration News Visualisation – Emotion Extraction

Demonstration News Visualisation – Emotion Extraction

Demonstration News Visualisation – Emotion Extraction

Demonstration News Visualisation – Emotion Extraction

Demonstration News Visualisation – Emotion Extraction

Procedure NewViz performance evaluated against human interpretation: 1. General mood course (3-5 emotions per text) Emotions per sentence types of emotion extraction error Falsely detected emotion : 0 points Missing emotion : points depending on significance Overall feeling represented, 2-3 points Similar emotion : 4 points Exact emotion: 5 points Testing News Visualisation – Emotion Extraction

Results Course of moods mostly identified correctly Word-by-Word method highest correctness but too fine grained for animation Best results with both (adjective and nouns) Testing News Visualisation – Emotion Extraction Method Word bySentenceThresholdaverage Wordbased23 Word type correctgraincorrectgraincorrectgraincorrectgrain adjectives nouns both average

Summary Emotional interpretation of online news articles Course of moods depicted in abstract 2D animations Different methods of language processing Satisfactory outcome User Evaluation Appreciation of animations as quick overviews Future Work Extension of knowledge bases Inclusion of different topics Improvement of summarisation, e.g dependency parser Conclusion & Future Work News Visualisation – Emotion Extraction