Part 2 Page Practice problems page 420, #1,2,3,4a,5,7,8

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The Human Digestive System
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Presentation transcript:

Part 2 Page 412-417 Practice problems page 420, #1,2,3,4a,5,7,8 Digestive System Part 2 Page 412-417 Practice problems page 420, #1,2,3,4a,5,7,8

Human digestive system

The Stomach Muscular sac of acid Performs mechanical and chemical digestion Starts the breakdown of proteins

The Stomach Sphincter: Know the sphincters of the stomach!

The Stomach Layer to know: Muscularis Chyme

The Stomach Mucosa: another layer to know What is the function of the mucosa Gastric juice: what is it and how does the mucosa protect itself from it?

Pepsin Catalyzes the breakdown of proteins into their amino acid subunits Originally produced as pepsinogen Page 411, #5

Mucosa Due to proximity to strong acid, must be constantly regenerated Ulcer: Heliobacter pylori: What role does this bacteri play in the production of ulcers?

Human digestive system

Small Intestine Long (up to 7m), thin (2.5cm) tube Site of the majority of digestion and absorption

Small Intestine

Small Intestine Know these and what goes on at each! Duodenum Jejunum Ileum

Small Intestine Pyloric sphincter:

Pancreas Bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) Amylase: Trypsinogen: Trypsin: Compare and contrast pepsin/pepsinogen with trypsin/trypsinogen.

Pancreas Carboxypeptidase and erepsin: Lipases: What difficulty do lipases encounter when digesting food?

Liver Produces bile Stores it in the gall bladder Bile emulsifies fats What is this and why?

Absorption Once food is broken down into the smallest subunits, it is absorbed by the cells lining the small intestine and passed into the bloodstream Occurs in the villi and microvilli

Absorption – Surface area

Absorption – Surface area Ridges Villi Epithelial cells Microvilli

Absorption – Surface area

Absorption - Transport How do nutrients get absorbed? Passive transport: Diffusion Osmosis Facilitated diffusion Know examples of molecules that get transported by these mechanisms!

Absorption – Passive Transport

Absorption – Active transport Involves movement of molecules against a concentration gradient

Absorption – Passive Transport

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