Kelp trawling in Norway

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Presentation transcript:

Kelp trawling in Norway

Alginates - 20 - 40% of the dry weight Found in the cell wall and intercellular space. Make the alga soft and bendable. Salt from acids, Mannuronic acid (M) and Guluronic acid (G). Soluble in water - Na, K, NH4 Not soluble in water - Ca, Cu, Hg

Kelp trawling industry Harvest 160 000 tons every year (<0.5% of the total biomass). Value of the algae ca 25 million NOK Alginat value ca 500 million NOK Owned by FMC

Blue lines: Global distrubution of Laminaria hyperborea Red line: Area where kelp is trawled

In 2001 they opened for trawling in Sør-Trøndelag Delivery stations: red dots Factory in Vormedal by Haugesund

Color prints on clothing is one of the biggest markets

Food items is another.....

Pet food is a huge market! Not only taste but chewing resistance is important.

A pint of beer on a hot summer day….. Or Champagne in one, two, three!

The trawl remove the canopy algae Number of plants per area after trawling.

Ecological effects of kelp trawling 1 year + old 3 year + old

What happen to the epiphytes after trawling?

The hapteron is an important hiding place for many organisms. Edible crabs Bivalves - Hiatella arctica Amphipods Isopods Brittle stars Polychaets Substrate for sessile animals and benthic algae

Canopy height and hapteron volume after trawling

Cormorants in a kelp forest The cormorants dives twice as often in a kelp forest than to be expected from the distribution of this habitat. Likewise, half in the pelagic areas. This means that the cormorants are using the kelp forest as a habitat to search for food.

The cormorants diet - different cod fish

How much fish do the cormorants eat? Calculation: One bird eats ca 500 g fish every day 50 000 cormorants in Norway = 25 tons per day = 9125 tons fish per year.

Reduction in the fish stock as a result of kelp trawling

Comparison of disturbance types Grazing Trawling Phase 1 Remove recruits Remove canopy Phase 2 Old forest Young forest Phase 3 Grazed Regrowth Leads to Reduced diversity Reduced diversity Time scale Long (> 40 yrs) Short (5 - 6 yrs) Area Regional Local

Global use of algae