The UN’s Sustainable Development Goals

SDG 1: No poverty Poverty relates to deprivation of resources (or an inability to access resources). How is it measured? Extreme poverty – living on less than US$ 1.90 per day Relative poverty – living on less than 50% of the average income of a country.

SDG 1: No poverty Goal 1 seeks to remove poverty and inequality within and among nations. The aim is to end poverty in all its forms by 2030 and includes: eradicating extreme poverty currently measured as people living on less than US $1.90 a day reducing by half the proportion of men, women and children living in poverty implementing social protection systems ensuring equal rights and access to essential resources, services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology and financial services, including microfinance building the resilience of those in vulnerable situations and reducing exposure to environmental disasters that result in poverty.

How is SDG 1 related to SDG 3? Adequate income means that people can afford resources such as food, water and shelter. This reduces the risk of contacting infectious diseases such as tuberculosis. The welfare sector can ensure that basic social protection measures are implemented which provides an income to vulnerable people, enhancing their ability to access resources such as health care which can reduce morbidity and mortality. Good health and wellbeing allows people to work and earn an income and pay tax so the government has more money to spend on economic development and social security. Good health and wellbeing means less money needs to be spent on health care which saves the government money which can then be put into services such as education which can create a productive workforce for the future.

Sample question- Linking SDG 3 to SDG 1 Explain how the reduction of Poverty (SDG1) could promote any key features of SDG 3 (Ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all at all ages) If the government incorporates a welfare sector, this can ensure that basic social protection measures are implemented which provides an income to vulnerable people enhancing their ability to access resources such as health care as they are receiving some financial support and extra entitlements which can reduce morbidity and mortality.

SDG 2 – Zero Hunger https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YLldS3S_AOI Ted talks 6. 37 min

SDG 2: Zero hunger Hunger is defined as the continuing lack of food needed for an active and healthy life. It includes: undernutrition. when people do not have enough food to meet their daily energy requirements. malnutrition. when there is a lack of specific nutrients required for the body to function effectively. A malnourished individual may have the required amount of food to sustain life, but they may not be consuming the required range of nutrients, which may put their health at risk. Goal 2 is about ending all forms of hunger and malnutrition by ensuring that all people have access to nutritious food by promoting sustainable agriculture.

SDG 2: Zero hunger Goal 2 aims to end all forms of hunger and malnutrition, making sure all people — especially children and the more vulnerable — have access to nutritious food all year round by promoting sustainable agriculture. By 2030 the aim of this goal is to: end hunger and ensure access for all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, such as infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food end all forms of malnutrition double agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers, and ensure equal access to land and resources ensure sustainable food production systems and resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production, maintain ecosystems, and adapt to climate change and extreme weather are implemented maintain the genetic diversity of seeds, plants and animals and ensure access for all increase investment in agriculture infrastructure, research and technology address trade restrictions that disadvantage farmers, particularly in developing countries adopt measures to ensure the proper functioning of global food commodity markets and ensure access to market information.

How is SDG 2 related to SDG 3? The agriculture sector can assist in improving access to food which promotes immune system function which reduces the risk of infectious diseases such as malaria and tuberculosis. Around 13% of the world’s population are undernourished and hunger and malnutrition are the biggest contributors to child mortality, causing 45 per cent of the 6.3 million preventable deaths in children under five. Eliminating hunger will reduce the risk of premature death and illness which can promote productive populations as people are more able to work or attend school. This in turn can assist in increasing incomes and reducing poverty. Reduced rates of injury and disease means people are more capable of tending to their crops or working in other industries which reduces poverty and increases access to food.

Sample question- Linking SDG 3 to SDG 2 Explain how Zero Hunger (SDG 2) could promote any key features of SDG 3 (Ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all at all ages) Ensuring sustainable agricultural food systems can eliminate hunger, which can then reduce the risk of premature death and illness. This can promote productive populations as people are more able to attend school because they are not malnourished. This can then lead to paid and suitable employment. This in turn can assist in increasing incomes and then people are able to afford essential services such as medicines and vaccines.

SDG 4: Quality education This goal addresses the need for girls and boys to have equal access to high quality education at all levels, from pre-primary through to tertiary and to develop the vocational skills needed for employment. A more highly skilled workforce increases the capacity of governments to provide necessary services and infrastructure to support those who need it.

SDG 4: Quality education By 2030 the aim is to: ensure all children complete free, equitable and quality primary and secondary education ensure all children have access to quality early childhood development, care and pre-primary education ensure all adults have equal access to affordable and quality technical, vocational and tertiary education increase the number of youth and adults who have relevant skills for employment eliminate all disparities in education and vocational training, including people with disabilities, indigenous people and vulnerable children ensure all youth and adults have adequate literacy and numeracy skills ensure all learners are taught curriculum that promotes sustainable development build and upgrade education facilities expand the number of scholarships available to developing countries for essential skills training increase the number of qualified teachers.

How is SDG 4 related to SDG 3? Education promotes literacy, which leads to greater employment prospects and increased income. At an individual level an income provides the capacity to purchase nutritious food, shelter, clean water and healthcare, which reduces the risk of premature death. The education sector can include units relating to safe sexual practices which can reduce rates of HIV. Less disease among children means that more can attend school and gain an education. A healthy population can work productively and pay tax to the government. This revenue can be used to fund public education for primary and secondary students.

Sample question- Linking SDG 3 to SDG 4 Explain how Quality Education (SDG 4) could promote any key features of SDG 3 (Ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all at all ages) If more people receive quality education and for a longer period of time (secondary education), they will be able to read health promotion messages and more likely to understand the dangers of unsafe sex. This can then reduce the risk of HIV transmission and end the epidemics of AIDS which could promote wellbeing for all and at all ages.

SDG 5: Gender equality Gender equality refers to the situation where women and men have the same level of power and control over all aspects of their lives.  Women face discrimination in all areas of political, economic and social life. In many developing countries they are denied access to basic education and healthcare and are victims of violence and discrimination. 

SDG 5: Gender equality This goal seeks to end discrimination and violence against women and girls by addressing the barriers that exist to gender equality. Gender equality is not only a social issue but also an economic one. By 2030 the aim is to: end all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere end all forms of violence against women and girls, including human trafficking and sexual exploitation eliminate harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation recognise and value unpaid domestic work ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision making in political, economic and public life ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health ensure women have equal rights to economic resources, access to ownership and control over land and other forms of property, financial services, inheritance and natural resources improve the use of ICT to support equality and empower women adopt policies and legislation that support gender equality and empowerment of all women.

How is SDG 5 related to SDG 3? The government sector can introduce laws that promote the rights of women such as eradicating child marriages. This can reduce maternal mortality rates by reducing the risk of conditions such as obstetric fistula. The education sector can actively target women and girls. Educated girls marry later, are less likely to experience sexual violence, and are more likely to be able to protect themselves from HIV/AIDS and other diseases. Educated mothers have fewer and healthier children, they are 50 per cent more likely to immunise their children than uneducated mothers, and their children have a 40 per cent higher survival rate.  Good health and wellbeing increases the ability of women to participate in community life which promotes gender equality.

Sample questions Justify why collaborating between programs addressing SDG 5 and SDG 3 is necessary to promote health and well being and human development Gender equality is a human right and one of the conditions necessary for human development. When women do not have access to education and health care (universal health coverage), they are unable to develop the necessary knowledge and skills needed to achieve a decent standard of living or to enjoy a long and healthy life. And without gender equality, women lack the opportunity to have control over the decisions that affect their life. If this occurs a women’s self- esteem and confidence can diminish, which can reduce their mental health and wellbeing. Therefore collaboration is essential between actions taken to improve health and wellbeing and human development and overall to achieve gender equality.

SDG 6 - Clean water and sanitation http://webtv.un.org/The/watch/watch/the-sustainable-development- goals-explained-clean-water-and-sanitation/4492902009001 UN 2 min 41

SDG 6: Clean water and sanitation Clean water is essential for good health and survival. Every day, each person requires 20–50 litres of water for drinking, cooking and hygiene. Sanitation refers to the safe disposal of human urine and faeces, as well as the maintenance of hygienic conditions through garbage collection and the disposal of wastewater.

SDG 6: Clean water and sanitation This goal is about ensuring that all people are able to enjoy clean water and adequate sanitation. By 2030 the aim is to: achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water enable access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimising release of hazardous chemicals and materials increase the efficient use of water and ensure sustainable access to clean water implement integrated water resources management at all levels, including across borders protect and restore water-related ecosystems expand international cooperation and capacity to support developing countries to achieve their targets support the participation of local communities in water and sanitation management.

How is SDG 6 related to SDG 3? The water and sanitation sector can provide access to clean water and sanitation which contributes to lower rates of infectious diseases which are a leading cause of child deaths. Every US$1 spent on sanitation brings a $5.50 return by keeping people healthy and productive.  Good health and wellbeing means that more people in local communities can participate in water and sanitation management.

SDG 13: Climate Action The over-reliance on fossil fuels and the resulting greenhouse gases have contributed to global warming and rising sea levels. This has brought about an increase in the frequency of weather-related natural disasters. Severe weather and rising sea levels are affecting people, their homes and their health and wellbeing regardless of where they live. Climate change affects the sociocultural and environmental factors that affect health and wellbeing, including clean air, safe drinking water, sufficient food and secure shelter. Between 1990 and 2013, more than 1.6 million people died due to natural disasters thought to be climate related and these numbers are increasing each year.

SDG 13: Climate Action Goal 13 is about taking urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts. By 2030 the aim is to: strengthen the resilience and capacity of all countries to adapt to climate-related hazards and natural disasters integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning improve education, awareness-raising and the capacity of people and organisations to take actions that reduce or prevent environmental degradation implement the commitment by high-income countries to frameworks developed by the United Nations to take action to reduce climate change and to provide funds to support low-and middle- income countries to implement strategies to reduce climate change promote ways of raising capacity for effective climate change-related planning and management in low-income countries and small island developing states, including focusing on women, youth and local and marginalised communities.

How is SDG 13 related to SDG 3? The government sector can work to reduce the impact of climate change which means that weather patterns may stabilise which reduces the risks to health and wellbeing associated with natural disasters. Good health and wellbeing ensures that the population can explore options to generate a sustainable income which reduces environmental degradations which assists in reducing the impact of climate change. Climate action can mean that weather patterns are more predictable which assists the agricultural sector in producing food. Food assists in maintaining immune systems function can contributes to fewer child deaths.