Enzyme Catalyst (write on EOCT worksheet, NOT ON CATALYST SHEET) **Turn in homework to blue tray. Name the parts of a Big Mac. What macromolecules are these parts made of?

Objective 3 & 4: Skinny Wednesday SWBAT differentiate between the four macromolecules (organic molecules) SWBAT describe the function of enzymes and explain what scenarios denature them. By the end of class: “I can identify the parts in an enzyme-substrate complex” “I know the common characteristics of enzymes” “I can describe what activation energy is” “I can predict whether a scenario will denature an enzyme and understand its effects”

Key Words Enzyme Active Site Activation Energy Chemical Reaction Rate Substrate pH (acid, base/alkaline) Temperature Reactant Product Denature Optimum Key Words

An EOCT Problem might look like this… What is the primary function of enzymes? A They keep the pH of the body within acceptable levels B They make essential biochemical reactions possible or speed them up C They enable the body to use energy to produce food D They give cells the energy they need to carry out life functions

4 Organic/Macromolecules Monosaccarides Carbohydrates Fatty Acids Lipids Amino Acids Protein Nucleotides Nucleic Acid

Monomers: Building Blocks Each macromolecule is made up of different monomers MOnO = 1

Carbohydrates: Starch & sugar Monomer: monosaccarides Function: main source of quick, short-term energy Example: glucose, fructose, cellulose

Mean Girls Uh…. Butter is a mixture of triglycerides of several different fatty acids which makes it a…

Lipids (Notes) Monomer: fatty acids Function: Long-term energy storage Makes up the cell membrane Insulation: trap heat Pad/protect organs Examples: fats, oils, waxes

Too much ‘long-term energy’ stored up, not enough activity to use it all http://makechildrenfirstpg.org/lets-get-fatter/

Protein: Do work! Monomer: amino acid Function: Examples: provide structural support transport substances speed-up chemical reactions Examples: Muscle tendons, enzymes

Kwashiorkor—Protein Deficiency A disorder when a diet consists of excessive nonprotein calories (from starch or sugar), but is deficient in total protein and essential amino acids. Characterized by generalized edema, "flaky paint' dermatosis, thinning and discoloration of the hair, enlarged fatty liver, and slowed growth.

Protein Example: Enzymes

Enzyme-Substrate Complex Enzyme= proteins that speed up chemical reactions without being chemically changed Substrate= reactants that are affected

Or you might see it like this… You will have to be ready to read a variety of different diagrams

Check Your Knowledge Label each of the components of the diagram A= B=

Enzymes are like…a ‘Lock & Key’ (Notes) Substrates bind to an active site The shape of the substrate fits the shape of the active site Lock=Active Site Key=Substrate/s

Remember this?? Wall = Hole = People =

Characteristics: Specific (NOTES) Enzymes can only chemically recognize and bind with a specific type of substrate Ex: ENZYME SUBSTRATE ACTED UPON PRODUCTS Lipase Fats & oils (Lipids) Glycerol & fatty acids Amylase Starch (Amylose) Maltose Protease Protein (Polypeptides) Amino acids Catalase Hydrogen peroxide Water and oxygen

Characteristics: Reusable (NOTES) Once the enzyme releases the products, the enzyme is free to facilitate another reaction

How Enzymes Help: Activation Energy (NOTES) Activation energy= energy required to START a chemical reaction SHORTER hill = Reaction WITH an enzyme

Analogy (Notes) Which would you prefer? Bigger or shorter hill? Hill Height= Activation Energy Required A= Reactants B= Products

Smaller hill = Reaction with Enzyme

Enzyme Factors (Notes) Enzymes are affected by… 1) Temperature 2) pH 3) Concentration 4) Surface area HIGH Temperature and LOW pH (ACIDS) DENATURE enzymes

Mei/Mit Homework Answers 1. to make body cells To make reproductive cells (gametes) 23 46 Left = mitosis Right = meiosis

Mei/Mit homework answers Mitosis Meiosis Asexual Makes body cells 1 round of cell division Makes diploid cells 1 cell -> 2 cells Used for growth and repair Keeps chromosome number the same 46 chromosomes -> 46 chromosomes Sexual Makes gametes 2 rounds of cell division Makes haploid cells Creates genetic variation 1 cell -> 4 cells Divides in half Cuts chromosome number in half 46 chromosomes -> 23 chromosomes