First Contacts Between the First Occupants and Europeans

Jacques Cartier: the 3 Voyages Cartier’s first voyage (1534) was a mission to ‘lay claim’ to land in the West. He landed on Newfoundland, PEI, New Brunswick and made his way to the Gaspe Peninsula

First Voyage Con’t Cartier knew exactly where he was going, he accompanied Verrazano on previous trips. During Cartier’s first Voyage, he encountered a Mi’kmaq band and a group of Iroquoians

First Voyage Con’t Cartier laid claim to this new land by placing a huge wooden cross in the ground... This made the group of Iroquoians angry, especially the chief Donnacona Donnacona denounced Cartier’s actions

First Voyage Con’t Cartier tried to smooth things over : gifts claiming that the cross was just a land marker so the French knew where they were going It was a lie...

Cartier’s Second Voyage Cartier returned to the St-Lawrence a year later On his first voyage, Cartier kidnapped Donnacona’s two sons... He brought them back one year later and used them as interpreters

Cartier’s Second Voyage Con’t In 1535, Cartier returned to North America with Donnacona’s 2 sons Donnacona was angry (some historians claim he was not…) Cartier ended up at Stadacona (around where Quebec City is now) Stadacona

Cartier’s Second Voyage Con’t Cartier and his men bypassed Stadacona (made Donnacona even more angry) They moved on to Hochelaga (now Montreal) 1000 people greeted him and his men Hochelaga

Cartier’s Second Voyage Con’t Cartier Planted the famous cross atop what is now Mont-Royal

Cartier’s Second Voyage Con’t Cartier saw the Lachine rapids (more intense than what they are now) and decided this was now a route to Asia he wanted to travel He returned to Stadacona  spent winter there

Cartier’s Second Voyage Con’t When returning to Stadacona and spending the winter, 25 of Cartier’s men die from scurvy…. However, more of Donacona’s men die from diseases carried by the Europeans…

Cartier’s Second Voyage Con’t When leaving North America, Cartier and his men kidnap Donnacona and about 9 others and brought them back to France… Donnacona never made it back to North America, he died in France

Cartier’s Third Voyage In 1541, Cartier returned to North America It took so long because France was at war with Spain  no $$$ Cartier was not well received by Stadacona Iroquois 35 men killed, not a lot of gold or other riches  failed attempt at a settlement

First Occupants’ Culture and Encounters with the Europeans

When Cultures ‘collide’ are there changes? Do you think that changes or adaptations occur when two different culture come into contact, especially for the first time? Do you have an example? Experience? A Story you might have?

Cartier’s Third Voyage In 1541, Cartier returned to North America Cartier was not well liked by Stadacona Iroquois in the village 35 men killed, not a lot of gold or other riches  failed to set up a French village

First Encounters between First Occupants and Europeans The first major encounters between the First Occupants and Europeans  1500s The First Occupants were introduced to European lifestyles This changed their lives forever!!!

Some changes… The First Occupants were interested in European things They were interested in: metal tools, small items like toys glass brass pots and pans WHY?

Some changes… Food  vegetables such as onions were introduced to the First Occupants ‘orchards’ to grow fruit Domesticating animals were also introduced. GUNS! Alcohol Types of clothing were also introduced to the FO  cotton and wool