Heating the Earth Investigation 4, Part 1 Heat Transfer Heating the Earth Investigation 4, Part 1 TG-P.113-124

Weather Report What are the main elements of weather? Pressure TG- P.125 Pressure Movement of Air Heat Moisture

Weather Report What are we finding the temperature of? Air or atmosphere Hottest during the day? Afternoon When is it coldest? Just before daybreak TG- P.125

Energy Source? What energy source heats things up during the day? TG- P.125

Solar Heating Investigation What happens to different earth materials when the Sun shines on them Turn to “Earth Material Temperatures Lab”page 14 and 15 of your lab book. Read the directions TG- P.125 Student Lab Notebooks P.14-15

The Setup Monitor the temperature changes Each group will set up four earth material containers Soil Water Sand TG- P.125 Student Lab Notebooks P.14-15 Air Newspaper Monitor the temperature changes

Thermometer Make sure the thermometer is below the surface of the material in the container. Why is this important? TG- P.125-126 Student Lab Notebooks P.14-15 Water

Starting Temperature = 22˚C Temperature change Starting Temperature = 22˚C After 3 minutes, temperature = 26˚C 26˚ - 22˚ = 4˚C Temperature change is 4˚C After 3 more minutes, temperature = 29˚C 29˚ - 22˚ = 7˚C Temperature change is 7˚C TG- P.125-126 Student Lab Notebooks P.14-15

Reading Page 20 and 21 Read “Thermometer: A Device to Measure Temperature” TG- P.130 Student Resource Book - P.20

Graph the Data Turn to the “Earth-Material Temperatures Graph” Graph the temperature changes for each of the earth materials TG- P.127 Student Lab Notebooks P.14-15

Graphing Reminders Use a different color to identify the different materials (Include a key) Start numbers at 0, 0 Make uniform intervals Independent variable? Dependent Variable? Dependent TG- P.127 Student Lab Notebooks P.14-15 Time

Did You Notice? Increased the least Went down the slowest Water TG- P.127 Student Lab Notebooks P.14-15 If each earth material received the same amount of solar energy, how can you explain the differences in temperature?

Takes 5 times as much energy to heat water compared to soil or sand TG- P.128 Student Lab Notebooks P.14-15

Faster? Same amount of heat energy is absorbed equally by all materials Which heats up faster? Soil TG- P.128 Student Lab Notebooks P.14-15 Water Sand

Faster? Same amount of heat energy is absorbed equally by all materials Which heats up faster? Soil TG- P.128 Student Lab Notebooks P.14-15 The solid earth materials heat up faster than water Sand

Water vs. Soil Both absorb the same amount of solar energy Temperature of soil will be much higher than the water TG- P.128 Student Lab Notebooks P.14-15

Questions to Ponder How did the energy get from the Sun to the sand, soil, water and air? What properties of the materials do you think caused the temperature differences? TG- P.129 Student Lab Notebooks P.14-15

Radiant Energy (a.k.a. Radiation) Energy comes from the Sun Travels as waves through space and air TG- P.129-130 Student Lab Notebooks P.14-15

Radiation Transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves Standing in sunshine, you are receiving energy from 150 million km away Transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves Visible light, Infrared, ultraviolet, microwaves, X-rays, and radio TG- P.129-130 Student Lab Notebooks P.14-15

Radiation Radiant energy strikes an atom or molecule H Radiant energy strikes an atom or molecule Molecule gains energy and begins to move faster TG- P.129-130 Student Lab Notebooks P.14-15

Molecular Motion Is HEAT More motion in molecules = the hotter it is LIQUIDS TG- P.129-130 Student Lab Notebooks P.14-15 SOLIDS

Differential Heating Different materials heat up at different rates Accounts for the difference in temperature of water and soil Soil Water TG- P.129-130 Student Lab Notebooks P.14-15 Sand Air

Oceans and Lakes Can store more heat than landmasses, even though the temperature of the water may be lower. Can store more heat than can land TG- P.130 Student Lab Notebooks P.14-15

Multimedia Show “Heat and Energy” animation on the Weather and Water CD-Rom. Focus on energy transfer through radiation. TG- P.130 Student Lab Notebooks P.14-15