9.1 & 9.2 QUIZ TODAY THINGS TO KNOW SCIENTISTS AND WHAT THEY DID ADAPTATIONS MAIN POINTS OF EVOLUTION

9.3 Taxonomy (Classification) KEY CONCEPTS Who came up with the classification system that we use today? How does the classification system work? What is Binomial Nomenclature? What are the Characteristics of the 6 Kingdoms? Vocabulary Taxonomy Binomial Nomenclature Dichotemous Key (classification key)

What is Taxonomy? the science of classifying and naming organisms.

History Aristotle – Greek philosopher developed first classification system – he based it on complexity of organisms.

History Carolius Linnaeus – Swedish botanist who developed the classification system that is the basis for today’s system. Taxon = group/category

Modern Classification Based on a hierarchy of seven levels: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species. How can we remember this? Kingdoms are divided into phyla, phyla into classes, etc. Therefore, kingdoms are the largest groups, species the smallest.

Classification Largest group Smaller group

Modern Classification All living things fall into one of 6 kingdoms: Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia THREE DOMAINS: Archaea #1, Bacteria #2, and Eukarya #3-6.

Binomial Nomenclature All living things have a TWO-PART LATIN name. Based on their GENUS AND SPECIES. Scientific Name Scientific Name Homo sapiens Canus familiaris

Binomial Nomenclature The genus of scientific names is always capitalized. The species is always lower case. The entire name is either underlined or italicized. Scientific names are important because all scientists understand them, regardless of their language.

Basis for Classification Structure/Anatomy Common ancestry of organisms. Embryology – study of development Biochemistry- looking at similarities in DNA or Amino Acids in organisms to see relationship.

Tools for Classification Phylogeny – the evolutionary history of an organism that can be used to help classify it. AKA – CLADOGRAMS

Dichotomous Keys A tool used to identify organisms based on a series of questions. (2 types below)

Making a Bobblehead Dichotomous key

Six Kingdoms (day 2) All organisms are classified into six kingdoms: Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

Kingdom Archaebacteria Oldest Bacteria Unicellular Prokaryotic (no nucleus) Autotrophic (make their own energy) Chemosynthesis: Making energy from inorganic chemicals Reproduce by binary fission Live in very harsh environments

Kingdom Eubacteria Unicellular (one celled) Prokaryotic (no nucleus) Heterotrophic: Obtain energy from other source, by eating or absorbing. Cause disease - PATHOGENIC What are the three basic shapes of eubacteria? Kingdom Eubacteria

Kingdom Protista Most are Unicellular Heterotrophic or Autotrophic Classified by how they move. Eukaryotic (has nucleus & organelles) Plant Like: ALGAE Animal like: Protozoa Fungus Like: Slime Molds What are different structures used for movement?

Bacteria and Protista Label the organisms below and indicate what kingdom they are classified in

Kingdom Fungi Multicellular (more than 1 cell) Eukaryotic Cell walls (made of chitin) Heterotrophic Decomposers : break down dead organisms for energy Reproduce by producing spores

Kingdom Plantae Multicellular Eukaryotic Autotrophic Cell walls Make energy through Photosynthesis Reproduce asexually by producing spores or vegetative reproduction. Sexually - pollination

Fungi and Plantae Compare fungi and plants in a double-bubble map

Kingdom Animalia Multicellular Eukaryotic Heterotrophic Some reproduce asexually and sexually Mostly mobile (can move) Some Sessile - immobile, attached to one spot. Ex. Coral, barnacle

Kingdom Animalia - Vertebrates What are the characteristics of each group? Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals