THE COLD WAR VISUAL VOCABULARY

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SS.912.A.6.8 Analyze the effects of the Red Scare on domestic United States policy SS.912.A.6.10 Examine causes, course, and consequences of the early years of the Cold War (Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, NATO, Warsaw Pact) SS.912.A.6.11 Examine the controversy surrounding the proliferation of nuclear technology in the United States and the world SS.912.A.6.12 Examine causes, course, and consequences of the Korean War SS.912.A.6.13 Analyze significant foreign policy events during the Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon administrations

Post-WWII Conflicts Cold War: The state of hostility, without actual warfare, that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union from the end of World War II until the collapse of the Soviet Union

Post-WWII Conflicts Democracy: A political system in which citizens vote for their representatives and their wishes Totalitarianism: A political system in which one leader or a small group of leaders holds absolute power Capitalism: An economic system based on private ownership of business Communism: An economic system based on community or government ownership of business

Post-WWII Conflicts Satellite Nation: A country dominated by another nation, especially by the Soviet Union during the cold war. Iron Curtain: A statement made by Winston Churchill describing the "boundary" that divided communist countries from democratic countries

Post-WWII Conflicts NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization; On April 4, 1949 12 members pledged military support to one another in case of attack Warsaw Pact: Military alliance between the Soviet Union and nations of Eastern Europe, formed in 1955

Post-WWII Conflicts Arms Race: On August 29th, 1949, the Soviet Union detonated its first atomic bomb, launching a competition between the U.S. and Soviet Union to expand their stock pile of weapons in order to gain superiority

The McCarthy Era McCarthyism: The practice of publicizing accusations of political disloyalty of accusing a person of subversive activities without sufficient evidence.

The McCarthy Era Espionage: The practice of spying on the government to obtain military secrets KGB: The national security agency of the Soviet Union; internal security, intelligence, and secret police organization during the cold war “The enemy is cunning - Be on guard!”

Post-WW2 Occupation Zones Germany Berlin

Post-WWII Conflicts Potsdam Conference: Meeting of the “Big Three” (U.S., Great Britain, and Soviet Union) where Germany was divided into four zones Occupation Zone Germany: The four military occupation zones of Germany — France in the southwest, Britain in the northwest, the United States in the south, and the Soviet Union in the east

Post-WWII Conflicts Policy of Containment: A policy of preventing the expansion the Soviet Union by creating alliances and providing support and to areas under threat Truman Doctrine: The plan to aid countries (Turkey and Greece) that were the targets of Communist expansionism

Post-WWII Conflicts Marshall Plan: An American aid program in Europe which provided support to the war-torn countries after WW2 in attempt to stop the spread of communism Sign reads: “Berlin Emergency Program with the help of the Marshall Plan”

Post-WWII Conflicts Berlin Blockade: Stalin closed all high way and rail routes into W. Berlin in order to limit the ability of France, Great Britain and the United States to travel to their sectors of Berlin, which lay within Russian- occupied East Germany Berlin Airlifts: Truman sent food and supplies to West Berlin for 327 days; 2.3 million tons of supplies were dropped; On May 29th, 1949 the Soviet Union lifted its blockade.

Post-WWII Conflicts Eisenhower Doctrine: Foreign- policy of President Eisenhower promising military or economic aid to any Middle Eastern country needing help in resisting communist aggression M.A.D: Mutually Assured Destruction; national security policy in which a full-scale use of nuclear weapons by two or more opposing sides would cause the complete destruction of both the attacker and the defender Signs: “On no account to be used – because the enemy might retaliate”

Korean War Korean War: Korean conflict, fought in the early 1950s between the United Nations, mainly backed by the United States, and the Chinese supported, communist Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea)

Korean War 38th Parallel: Latitude that roughly divides North and South Korea. The line was chosen by the Potsdam Conference as a boundary; the Soviet Union was to accept the surrender of the Japanese in the north and the Americans were to accept the Japanese surrender in the south Domino Theory: The belief that if one nation comes under Communist control, then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control

Korean War Guerrilla Warfare: Method of fighting used by communist sympathizers in South Korea that included ambushes, raids, and the element of surprise to overtake the enemy Stalemate: Both sides had given up trying to unify Korea by force and neither army was able to gain ground over the other. North Korean Guerrilla Figheters

Korean War Panmunjom: A village just north of the border between North and South Korea, where the 1953 Korean Armistice Agreement was signed. Demilitarized Zone (DMZ): The cease-fire line on the Korean peninsula that separates North Korea from South Korea that incorporated territory on both sides The building in Panmunjom village where the ceasefire was negotiated and signed.

The McCarthy Era House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC): A committee of the U.S. House of Representatives created to investigate disloyalty and anti- government organizations Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations (PSI): Headed by Joseph McCarthy, held 169 hearings in an effort to hunt communists

The McCarthy Era National Security Act: A reorganization of the foreign policy and military establishments of the U.S. Government; created the Department of Defense, National Security Council and the CIA Central Intelligence Agency (CIA): Foreign intelligence service tasked with gathering, processing and analyzing national security information from around the world

The McCarthy Era Loyalty Review Boards: Part of President Truman’s foreign policy, review boards were set up and designed to root out communist influence in the U.S. federal government Responsibilities Program: FBI program that gathered information, sometimes illegally, for Loyalty Review Boards

The McCarthy Era The Blacklist: Hollywood executives created a list of people accused of having a Communist background; they were not allowed to work in the industry The Hollywood Ten: Group of people in the film industry who were jailed for refusing to answer congressional questions regarding Communist influence in Hollywood