3-1 Neurons Psychology Essential Task 3-1: Identify the basic parts of the neuron (dendrites, cell body, axon, terminal buttons, synaptic vesicles, and receptor sites) Logo Green is R=8 G=138 B=76 Blue is R= 0 G=110 B=184 Border Grey is R=74 G=69 B=64

Biological Psychology Outline branch of psychology that studies how the body influences behavior and mental processes some biological psychologists call themselves behavioral neuroscientists, neuropsychologists, behavior geneticists, physiological psychologists, or biopsychologists

Neurons: The Messengers Outline About 100 billion neurons (nerve cells) in the human brain. Recent estimates put it at about 86 billion. About 100 trillion connections amongst these neurons. Neurons have many of the same features as other cells Nucleus Cytoplasm Cell membrane What makes neurons unique is their shape and function

Structure of Neurons Dendrites Cell Body (Soma) Axon Myelin Sheath Outline Dendrites Carry information to the cell body from other neurons Cell Body (Soma) Contains nucleus Axon Carries information to the next cell Myelin Sheath Insulates the axon and speeds up the neural impulse

Neuron Outline

The Synapse The synapse Terminal button Outline The synapse Composed of the terminal button of one neuron, the synaptic space, and the dendrites or cell body of the receiving neuron Terminal button Enlarged area at the end of an axon Synaptic space (synaptic cleft) Tiny gap between neurons

Outline

Types of Neurons Sensory neurons Motor neurons Interneurons Outline Sensory neurons Carry information from sensory systems to the brain Also referred to as afferent Motor neurons Carry information from the brain to muscles and glands Also referred to as efferent Interneurons Carry information between other neurons

Acetylcholine (ACH) involved in voluntary movement, learning, memory, and sleep +Too much acetylcholine is associated with depression, and too little in the hippocampus has been associated with dementia -Lack of ACH has been linked to Alzheimer’s disease.

Serotonin -Lack of serotonin has been linked to depression. Function deals with mood control. contributes to various functions, such as regulating body temperature, sleep, mood, appetite, and pain. -Lack of serotonin has been linked to depression.

Endorphins Function deals with pain control. We become addicted to endorphin causing feelings. glassrocklife.com

Dopamine chemical that influences voluntary movement, learning, pleasure, memory, -is implicated in Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia;

Divisions of the Nervous System

Central Nervous System Brain and Spinal Cord Dictates all comm. In between the nerves And the rest of the body.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Autonomic Nervous System Regulates automatic bodily functions such as a heart beating or breathing. Somatic Nervous System - Regulates voluntary bodily functions such as kicking.

Autonomic Nervous System Sympathetic Nervous system Arouses the body in times of “emergency.” Epinephrine Parasympathetic Nervous System - Clams the body.

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