States of Matter Turk

Matter Matter is anything that: a) has mass, and b) takes up space Mass = a measure of the amount of “stuff” (or material) the object contains (don’t confuse this with weight, a measure of gravity) Volume = a measure of the space occupied by the object

States of matter Solid- matter that can not flow (definite shape) and has definite volume. Liquid- definite volume but takes the shape of its container (flows). Gas- a substance without definite volume or shape and can flow. _____- a substance that is currently a gas, but normally is a liquid or solid at room temperature. (Which is correct: “water gas”, or “water vapor”?)

States of Matter Definite Volume? Definite Shape? Solid Liquid Gas Result of a TemperatureIncrease? Definite Volume? Definite Shape? Will it Compress? Small Expans. Solid YES YES NO Small Expans. Liquid NO NO YES Large Expans. Gas NO NO YES

Three Main Phases

Condense Freeze Melt Evaporate Solid Liquid Gas

Energy is absorbed Energy is released

Potential Energy- stored energy Kinetic Energy- energy having to do with motion

Heat of Fusion - amount of heat needed to be absorbed to convert a unit of mass of a substance from a solid to a liquid at its melting point Heat of Vaporization - amount of heat needed to be absorbed to convert a unit mass of a substance from its liquid phase to gas phase.

Heating Curve for Water vaporization E gas D 100 condensation C liquid melting Temperature (oC) Melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, sublimation, and deposition are six common phase changes. Note: The temperature of a substance does not change during a phase change. B A freezing solid Heat added LeMay Jr, Beall, Robblee, Brower, Chemistry Connections to Our Changing World , 1996, page 487

Heating Curve Temperature of the ice (solid) is increasing; increase in temperature means an increase in kinetic energy. At 0oC the ice begins to melt. During melting, the temperature stays the same; there is no change in kinetic energy. There is a change in potential energy; potential energy is increasing. The temperature of the water now rises from 0oC to 100oC.

Heating Curve 4. At 100oC, the water boils (changes to gas). When the water boils, the temperature stays the same; no change in kinetic energy. There is a change in potential energy; potential energy increases. 5. After all the water boils, the temperature of the gas rises.