The Atom (4:00 min.)

Atoms

How do Atoms of different elements differ from each other? p. 90 How do Atoms of different elements differ from each other? There are over 118 different elements. Each element has its own unique atoms. Lets start with the simplest atom

All atoms are about the same size, but it’s what’s inside that counts. Notice the helium atom has two electrons, two neutrons and two protons Notice the hydrogen atom has one electron and one proton

29 protons means that the atom Atomic Number p. 91 The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is the Atomic Number of that atom. 29 protons means that the atom also has 29 electrons. 29 protons in the nucleus of a copper atom

Use the periodic table on page 109 in your Textbook to answer the following questions: 1. What is the atomic number of Boron? 2. What is the atomic number of Aluminum? 3. What is the atomic number of Neon? 4. What is the atomic number of Oxygen? True or False (if the statement is false, give the correct answer) 5. The boron atom has 17 electrons in its orbit? False (5 electrons) 6. Aluminum has 13 electrons in its orbit? True 7. The number of protons is equal to the number of electrons? 8. Number of protons and neutrons are always the same? True False: protons and neutrons do not have to be equal.

Isotopes p. 92-93 An atom that has the same number of protons (same atomic number) as another element, but has a different number of neutrons. Heavier or lighter variations of the same element. Both atoms are “Carbon” atoms. One is heavier. Can you guess which one? Carbon – 12 or Carbon – 14

Forces in Atoms p. 94 4 forces are at work holding the atom together

  Gravitational force Gravity is most easily observed in the behavior of large objects. Inside the tiny nucleus of an atom, the effect of gravity is small compared to the effects of the other three forces. Therefore, gravity is the weakest of the four forces!!!

Electromagnetic force   Electromagnetic force A force that combines the effects of electrical charge and magnetism. The electromagnetic force can either attract or repel the particles on which it acts. Oppositely charged particles attract each other, while like particles repel one another. Electrons are kept in the orbit around the nucleus by the electromagnetic force, because the nucleus in the center of the atom is positively charged and attracts the negatively charged electrons.

Strong Force The strong forces and electromagnetic   Strong Force The strong forces oppose the electromagnetic force of repulsion between protons. Like ”glue” the strong force keeps the protons together to form the nucleus. The strong forces and electromagnetic forces both hold the atom together.

  Weak force Weak forces are important because they are responsible for stabilizing particles through the process of radioactive decay, in which a neutron in the nucleus changes into a proton and an electron.

Obi-wan and Anakin understand the force. Do you? Explain and illustrate with the work -sheet your teacher is passing out!

Now, get to work or I’ll have to use the force!!