Karsten Baumann, Mei Zheng, Michael Chang, and Ted Russell Study of Air Quality Impacts Resulting from Prescribed Burning on Military Facilities Karsten Baumann, Mei Zheng, Michael Chang, and Ted Russell

Endangered Species Act Clean Air Act

Measurement Sites 2000-2002

Correlations with Wind Direction: Occurrence Period 2001+ 02 MAY-OCT NOV-APR

Correlations with Wind Direction: Wind Speed Period 2001+ 02 MAY-OCT NOV-APR

Correlations with Wind Direction: O3 Period 2001+ 02 MAY-OCT NOV-APR Daytime only

Correlations with Wind Direction: PM2.5 Period 2001+ 02 MAY-OCT NOV-APR

Seasonal Differences in Diurnal Cycles: O3 & PM2.5

PM2.5 Eceedance for SE winds in Winter 2001

Causes for PM2.5 Eceedance in Winter 2001

Study of Air Quality Impacts Resulting from Prescribed Burning on Military Facilities Objectives and Outlook In this initial pilot study, establish understanding of the direct and indirect impact of current burn practices on sub-regional AQ. Lay foundation for more comprehensive and better focused Phase II Study to optimize burn practices toward minimum AQ impact. Create results for the benefit of LMBs on other mil installations in the SE-US and beyond. Learn lessons that help create and implement new revised land management strategies for the benefit of other agencies and institutions that face often times devastating wild fires in other parts of the Nation.

Impacts on local to global scales In the continental U.S. prescribed burns and forest fires contribute ~37 % to the total direct fine PM emissions of ~1 Mio t per year* * Nizich et al., EPA Report 454/R-00-002 (NTIS PB2000-108054), RTP, NC, 2000 Effects on Health Visibility Air Quality Climate Do prescribed burns reduce the risk of wild fires?

OLC site upgrade N Research site at Oxbow Meadows Environmental Learning Center upgraded for PM source apportionment and in situ gas phase sampling 3’ 4’ a/c 11’ 8’ Stair step 14’ Guy wired 8m Tower tilt down 10’ Gate 45’ x 40’ Fence N 10’ x 12’ Shelter 4 additional 20 A circuit breakers 33’ x 7’ level Platform ~ 1’ above ground 4 quadruple outlets on individual breakers

operator exchanges sample media in hi-vol sampler (E) PM2.5 Sampling at OLC Table 1: PM2.5 sampler operation at OLC during prescribed burn events at Fort Benning. sample day sample type start time duration Hi-Vol PCM   EST h sample day before background 0:00 12 E1 A1+D1 12:00 F1 operator exchanges sample media in Hi-Vol samplers (E&F) and PCMs (A&D) burn day flaming stage 5 E2 B1+D2 17:00 F2 C1+D2 operator exchanges sample media in Hi-Vol samplers (E&F) and PCMs (B&C&D) smoldering stage 22:00 E3 A2+D3 post burn day 3:00 F3 B2+D3 operator exchanges sample media in hi-vol sampler (E) day after plume impact 8:00 >5 E4 C2+D3 TOTAL >49 7 10 Table 2: Time series schematic of Hi-Vol and PCM PM2.5 sampler operation from Table 1. PCM A   B C D HV E F Time (h) 0 12 24 12 17 22 3 8 13 Activity pre-burn burn day post-burn stage background flaming smoldering

VOC sampling at OLC, Fts. Benning & Gordon Table 3: VOC sampling schedule for Fort Benning (top), and Fort Gordon (bottom), period Jan-Jun 2003. Approx Burn Stage Sampling Location Total Time upwind burn unit downwind OLC sampled analyzed 1100 pre-ignition   1 2 1400 mostly flaming 4 3 1700 mostly smoldering 2200 800 residual impact Total sampled 5 12 Total analyzed 10 Approx Burn Stage Sampling Location Total Time upwind burn unit downwind RP sampled analyzed 1000 pre-ignition   1 2 1400 mostly flaming 3 1700 mostly smoldering Total sampled 8 Total analyzed 6

Collaborators and Contributors Difficulties Are at the mercy of met conditions and (therefore) have to be prepared (flexible). Sample media collection and delivery time consuming. Collaborators and Contributors CSU-OLC: Jill Whiting, Jim Trostle, site operators Becky Champion, director, “courier” Ft Benning: Polly Gustafson, EMD, reporting to J Brent Jack Greenlee, LMB, reporting to R Larimore Hugh Westbury, SERDP, contractor, reporting to D Price, US Army, Vicksburg, MS Ft Gordon: Allen Braswell, ENRMO, reporting to S Willard Augusta RP: Shari Mendrick, Col.Cty.Eng.Dept., Evans, GA

Preliminary PCM Results Background 937 acres 1256 acres 3770 acres Preliminary PCM Results

Preliminary PCM Results, cont’ed Progressively increasing fine PM mass and increasing organics fraction

More Preliminary Results: March’03 Increased fine PM mass and organics fraction correlate with increased temperature, solar radiation, and O3, indicating increased oxidizing potential, hence formation of SOA

Still To Do Collect more samples as progressing into summer Analyze VOC samples Analyze POC High-Volume samples QA/QC all met, gas and PM data Do source apportionment for select samples Integrate ECMI met data from Ft Benning Merge all AQ data with fuel data Evaluate fuel-type – AQ relationship Prepare data for model integration Develop strategy for phase II

Find this presentation as 030429 FAQS Col briefg in ppt-format at For more information Dr. Karsten Baumann (PI) kb@eas.gatech.edu Dr. Mei Zheng mzheng@eas.gatech.edu Dr. Michael Chang chang@eas.gatech.edu Dr. Ted Russell trussell@ce.gatech.edu Find this presentation as 030429 FAQS Col briefg in ppt-format at http://arec.gatech.edu/Presentations