The Sun: source of it all…

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Presentation transcript:

The Sun: source of it all… Sun 99.8% of mass of solar system 70% helium, solar flares uv image

We are very small! (NASA, TRACE)

Coronal loop

Blackbody radiation curves typical for the Sun and Earth Sun ~6000K Earth ~290K Sun radiates a lot more energy that the Earth!

Normalized blackbody radiation curves for Earth and Sun Divide each radiation curve by its maximum value to normalize curves: Very little overlap of the normalized radiation curves

The solar spectrum compared to a black body Houghton, 2002

How steady is the Sun’s output? Measurements of solar radiation from space, rockets, and balloons Note on short timescales, some large fluctuations are possible. C. FRÖHLICH IPCC, 2001

Solar variability: the sunspot cycle Houghton, 2002

Reconstructions of solar variability over time TSI = total solar irradiance Note the scientific trend too… IPCC, 2001

Solar insolation as as function of latitude Incident insolation Reflected insolation Peixoto and Oort, 1992

Energy balance as a function of latitude Albedo Absorbed insolation Emitted terrestrial Net energy Peixoto and Oort, 1992

Energy pathways in the climate system ENERGY IN = ENERGY OUT BUT LOTS OF COMPLICATED THINGS HAPPEN ON THE WAY… Peixoto and Oort, 1992

Atmospheric absorption Shortwave (i.e. solar) radiation measured from the top of atmosphere and from the ground. The (clear) atmosphere is not totally transparent to solar radiation: back scatter by dust, aerosols absorption by constituent gases amount varies as a function of wavelength Peixoto and Oort, 1992

Atmospheric absoption by atmospheric constituents absorption 100% Entire atmosphere 0% > 11 km CH4 N20 O2,03 CO2 H20 Peixoto and Oort, 1992

Longwave (terrestrial) radiation measured from space Sahara Mediterranean Antarctica Houghton, 2002

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