The Human Body: Anatomical Regions, Directions, and Body Cavities

Bell Work 4-5-18 How do you determine your right from your left? How do you determine a patient’s right from left? What are common, everyday directional terms that you could use to give someone directions? Why do you think health care might have directional terms?

Standard 12) Outline the in-depth normal structure and function of the musculoskeletal, digestive, and cardio-respiratory systems, specifically as they relate to radiology. Review directions, planes, and sections of the body in order to perform radiographic images. Summarize appropriate medical text(s) in order to list signs and symptoms of common diseases and disorders associated with each system

At the conclusion of this lesson I CAN: Model the anatomical position Differentiate between various directional terms and model their position Identify the body cavity to which various organs are located

Why do we need to learn body directions?

Anatomical Position Body erect Feet slightly apart Palms facing forward Thumbs point away from body Figure 1.7a

Directional Terms Table 1.1

Directional Terms Table 1.1

Medial Toward the midline of the body Lateral Away from the midline of the body Proximal Toward a reference point (extremity) Distal Away from a reference point (extremity) Inferior Lower or below Superior Upper or above Cephalad or Cranial Head Caudal or Caudad Tail, tail end Anterior Toward the front Posterior Toward the back Dorsal Ventral

PARTNERS 1 Lateral to the heart Proximal to the knee Inferior to the neck On the anterior side of the body Distal to the elbow Posterior side of the hand

Partners 2 Inferior to the heart Distal to the knee On the posterior side of the neck Medial to the lungs Superior to the waist On the anterior side of the arm

Body Planes Sagittal – divides the body into right and left parts Frontal or coronal – divides the body into anterior and posterior parts Transverse or horizontal (cross section) – divides the body into superior and inferior parts

Body Planes and Sections The body may be sectioned (cut) along a flat surface called a plane. The three most common planes are: Sagittal (Median) plane (cuts body into left & right) Frontal (coronal) plane (cuts body into front & back) Transverse plane (cross section) (cuts body into superior & inferior parts) Sagittal – think twins

Body Planes Figure 1.8

Body Planes and Sections Which plane could be used to separate the hemispheres of the brain? the top and bottom of the kidney? Which plane could be used to separate the anterior and posterior parts of the body? Use full sentences

Body Planes and Sections Which plane could be used to separate the hemispheres of the brain? sagittal the top and bottom of the kidney? transverse The anterior and posterior parts of the body? frontal Use full sentences

Overview Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kvHWnJwBkmo

Play Dough Make Three – 3 dimensional little Men and wait for instructions.

Exit Ticket Step 1: Draw a man in anatomical position Step 2: Use arrows to label Superior/Inferior Step 3: Use arrows to label Medial and Lateral Step 4: Use arrow on a limb to label proximal and distal Step 5: Label Sagittal, Coronal and Transverse Plane