BRAZIL: POLITICS Miguel López 12.12.2017

ECONOMY, PERIODS A case: Soybean 1. timber (Pau Brasil) in the first years of colonization 2. sugarcane in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries 3. precious metals (gold) and gems (diamonds) in the eighteenth century; 4. coffee and cattle in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. 5. land rich in natural resources principally iron ore, bauxite, manganese, nickel, uranium, gold, gemstones, oil, and timber.

Rubber soldiers

Getulio Vargas - Juscelino Kubitschek - Luiz Inácio ”Lula” da Silva In 1889 Brazil became a Republic and introduced a new Constitution. The first 30 years were marked by the politics of “Coffee with Milk”, a reference to the states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo (respectively producers of dairy and coffee), which took turns governing Brazil. In 1930, led by Getúlio Vargas, the country embarked on a new industrial and urban development model. Basic human rights and workers’ rights were implemented  The New State From 1960, Juscelino Kubitschek made good on his campaign promise to build a brand new capital, Brasilia, and achieve “50 years of development in 5 years”

QUEREMISMO  “Love as a principle and order as the basis; progress as the goal“ (Auguste Compte)

Juscelino Kubitschek 1956-1961 BRASILIA

João Goulart 1961-1964 Reformas de Base Strong state intervention in the economy. Education reform: Paulo Freire method (Sorrettujen pedagogiikka, Pedagogia do oprimido, Pedagogy of the Oppressed). Prohibited the operation of private schools. 15% of the income produced in Brazil would be directed to education. Tax reform: control of profits transfer by multinational companies with headquarters abroad  the profit should be reinvested in Brazil. Income tax would be proportional to personal profit. Land reform: properties larger than 600 hectares would be expropriated and redistributed to the population by the government. Urban reform: people could own only a single house. Those who had more than one urban property would have to donate them or sell their properties at low prices.

Military government 1964-1985

MST http://www.visualab.org/index.php/history (Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem-Terra, MST) . The backbone of their movement is land occupation. Today, 47 percent of Brazil's land is owned by just 1 percent of the population, making the country's land distribution the second most unequal in the world. As a result, a class of four and a half million people are left on the verge of starvation, without land of their own.

BRAZIL: politics LULA DA SILVA DILMA ROUSSEFF

http://www.webcastr.com/videos/news/shes-no-lula-brazils-next-best-thing.html http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-12103317 Dilma Rousseff Vanguarda Armada Revolucionária Palmares (VAR Palmares)

Workers' Party (PT-center-left) Brazilian politics (1) Relations are generally difficult between the executive and the legislature + federal and state governments. Brazil is a federal republic with 26 states and a federal district Tradition of switching parties Workers' Party (PT-center-left) Brazilian Social Democratic Party (PSDB-center-left) Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB-center) Democrats (DEM-center-right) Green Party (PV-left) Socialism and Freedom Party (Psol-left) Brazilian Labor Party (PTB-center-right) Brazilian Socialist Party (PSB-left) Democratic Labor Party (PDT-left) Communist Party of Brazil (PCdoB-left)

Brazilian politics (2) Lula: difficult balancing between promoting business and making progress on social issues. Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento, or PAC (“Growth acceleration programme”) of public investment  PAC manager: Dilma Rousseff Tight fiscal policies. Export promotion is a main component in plans to generate growth and reduce vulnerability to international financial market fluctuations  Access to foreign markets through trade negotiations and increased export promotion as well as government financing for exports. Control of corruption improving but is still an ongoing concern  increased transparency and willingness to prosecute  various corruption scandals by his PT and allies.