Мускулна дистрофија.

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Presentation transcript:

Мускулна дистрофија

Што е MD? Генетска предодредена болест X-врзани синдроми Генетска предодредена болест X-врзани синдроми Прогресивно слабеење на мускулите

Класификација (Emery) Начин на наследување Возраста на појавување на првите клинички знаци Зафатените мускули Клиничкиот тек

Видови Duchenne-мускулна дистрофија Becker-ова дистрофија Facio-skapulo-humeral-на дистрофија Okulo-faringea-лна дистрофија

Duchenne-ова мускулна дистрофија Мускулна слабост на проксималните групи, псеудохипертрофија на мускули на потколеница-пекторален појас Респираторни инфекции Срцеви заболувања Мал број ментална ретардација 11 год.

Becker-ова дистрофија Псеудохипертрофија на мускули од потколеница Најпрво дистрофија на мускули на карличен појас а потоа и на раменици Ретко кардиомиопатии Напредува побавно 3-21год. Можат да живеат и без инвалитска количка

Facio-skapulo-humeral-на дистрофија Слабост на мускули од рамен појас и лицето Неможност за подигање на рацете над главата Потешкотии при затварање на очите Свирење на уста Скапулите наликуваат на крила

Okulo-faringea-лна дистрофија Настапува подоцна (обично по пубертетот) Очни мускули Спуштање на очните капаци Офталмоплегија

клинИчка слика Тешкотии при станување од подот Тешкотии при качување по скали Одење на прсти (како со потпетици) Тешкотии при станување од седечка позиција Тешкотии при туркање на предмети Зголемени телемускули (pseudohypertrophy)

дијагностицирање Крвна анализа (е.серум креатин киназа) Крвна анализа (е.серум креатин киназа) Цитогенетски испитувања (ДНК анализа) Електромиографија Ултрасонографија Мускулна биопсија

Кеде се наоѓаат гените за MD? The gene for dystrophin production sits on the X chromosome. If a normal gene for dystrophin is present, then the protein will be made. If the gene is missing or altered, dystrophin may not be produced at all or only in abnormal forms, resulting in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (1) Graphic used with permission from the National Center for Biotechnology Information, The National Library of Medicine, The National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services: Genes and Disease [online]. 2005 [cited 2005 June 26]. Available from URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?call=bv.View..ShowSection&rid=gnd.section.295.

A deletion of part of the dystrophin gene This figure shows a 500 kb region containing exons 41-50. These exons are all 100-200 bp long, and so if drawn to scale each exon would be represented by a line occupying less than 0.05% of the width of the figure. Random deletion breakpoints therefore almost always fall in introns. Their effect is to remove one or more complete exons from the mature mRNA. The deletion shown removes exons 45-47 from the mature mRNA, while leaving all the other exons intact.

The dystrophin molecule anchors the cytoskeleton of muscle cells to the extracellular matrix, via the dystrophin glycoprotein complex. This includes the sarcoglycans (mutations in which cause limb-girdle muscular dystrophies) and dystroglycans. Muscle cells that lack dystrophin are mechanically fragile, and fail after a few years, hence progressive muscle weakness.

Мускулна биопсија Dystrophin antibody staining of muscle cells Мускулна биопсија Dystrophin antibody staining of muscle cells Normal Control 4 year old boy with DMD – No detectable dystrophin

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (a) Affected boys stand up by bracing their arms against their legs (Gower’s manoeuvre) because their proximal muscles are weak. (b) and (c) Muscle histology (Gomori trichrome stain). Normal muscle (b) shows a regular architecture of cells with dystrophin (brown stain) on all the outer membranes. (c) Shows muscle from a 10-year-old affected boy. Note the disorganisation, invasion by fibrous tissue and complete absence of dystrophin. Histology photos courtesy of Dr Richard Charlton, Newcastle upon Tyne.

Преваленција 15-21 мај 1/3500 од 5000 новородени машки деца 1/3500 од 5000 новородени машки деца 1/3 од нив со фам. предиспозиција 2/3 спорадични Duchenne Becker Muscular dystrophy affects about one in every 3500 to 5000 newborn males. One third of these boys have a previous relative with DMD. Two thirds of the cases are sporadic. There are two groups that make up the sporadic cases. In 1/3 of cases (or ½ of the sporadic cases), there was a genetic mutation in the mother’s egg or a genetic mutation early in embryo development that led to the condition. In the other 1/3 of cases (other ½ of sporadic cases), the mother is a carrier, but she is carrying a new mutation that occurred in either her mother’s egg, her father’s sperm, or early in her development. This explains the cases where a boy is born with Duchenne Becker muscular dystrophy into a family with absolutely no history of the condition. (1) Graphic citation: Microsoft Office Clipart 2002. [cited 23 June, 2005]. Hilda, this is from Katherines presentation. She had a similar slide and I took notes as she talked. I think that someone even asked about sporadic….

Третман за DMD O2 therapy Ventilator Scoliosis surgery Tracheotomy Once the condition has progressed, it will begin to affect all the muscles in the body. People with muscular dystrophy may begin to slump due to decreased muscle control in the back. When this happens, breathing will be more difficult because of decreased lung capacity. Scoliosis, which is a curvature of the spine, might also develop due to decreased muscle control. Treatments for breathing include oxygen therapy, ventilator use, scoliosis surgery to correct the spine, and even a tracheotomy if symptoms are severe. (1) Graphic used with permission from the Scoliosis Association, Inc. [online]. 2005. [cited 2005 June 26]. Available at URL: http://www.scoliosis-assoc.org/.

третман Физикална терапија Хирургија (spinal fusion) Медикаментозна терапија (Prednisone) Non-steroidal medications (тарантула) Инвалидска количка Physical therapy will help to keep the muscles in shape and agile. A physical therapist will work the muscles that are most affected by the condition. As muscle contraction occurs, the joints may become tight. Surgery on the joints to relieve the tension may be performed. Prednisone is a catabolic steroid that actually breaks muscle down. It also is an anti-inflammatory that helps slow down the aggregation of lymphocytes and fat cells in muscles. This seems to help delay the effects of the condition, although doctors are unsure of how this works yet. There are symptoms that go along with the use of prednisone. They include weight gain and mood alteration. These could lead to other problems, such as decreased activity due to weight gain. The use of prednisone is carefully evaluated. Non-steroidal medications are used to treat cardiac disorders, constipation, depression and osteoporosis. As the condition worsens, people with muscular dystrophy might feel that walking is too difficult. At this point, they might decide that a wheelchair gives them more freedom of movement. (1) Graphics citation: Microsoft Office Clipart 2002. [cited 23 June, 2005].

Медикаментозен третман Медикаментозен третман Prednisone 5-6год. Мускулната маса опаѓа Зголемување на телесната маса Делумно ја намалува коскената цврстина ?

Физикална терапија Соодветна масажа и рехабилитација Соодветна масажа и рехабилитација одложување на прогресијата од појава на контрактури намалување на продлабочувањето (искривувањетоа)на курватурата на р’бетникот хидротерапија линија на мал отпор/мирување Соработка со родителите

Генска терапија за DMD Current research focuses on gene therapy to cure DMD. This article from 1998 shows researchers Chamerlain and Giovanni as they worked to deliver the dystrophin gene into the body of mice without triggering the immune system. (2) Graphics used with permission from Pobojewski, S. The University Record, November 9, 1998. U-M’s improved viral vector delivers dystrophin gene to mouse muscle without major immune Response [online]. 1998. [cited 2005 June 26]. Available at URL: http://www.umich.edu/~urecord/9899/Nov09_98/12.htm

Продолжете го животот на луѓето со MD!! Заклучок Поголема афирмација Активно учество Рехабилитација и ерготерапија Ублажете ја болката!! Продолжете го животот на луѓето со MD!! Вие тоа го можете!!!

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