The Reproductive System JH-KEADLE The Reproductive System
Sex Cells All life begins as a single cell This cell was caused by the joining of two other cells Egg Sperm
Egg Female reproductive cell 23 chromosomes (haploid)
Sperm Male reproductive cell 23 chromosomes (haploid)
Reproduction Process by which living things produce new individuals of the same type
Fertilization The joining of an egg and sperm
Zygote After fertilization takes place, a zygote is formed
Every sex cell contains chromosomes Chromosomes carry DNA or genetic material DNA controls inherited traits Human body cell has 46 chromosomes diploid Human sex cell has 23 chromosomes haploid
Chromosomes
The Male Reproductive System The male reproductive system is specialized to produce sperm and the hormone testosterone Testes Scrotum Penis
Testes Organs where sperm and testosterone are produced Made up of clusters of hundreds of coiled tubes These seminiferous tubules contain sperm Testosterone – hormone that controls male traits Body hair Deep voice Broad shoulders
Scrotum Pouch of skin that holds the testes Keeps the testes 2° - 3° cooler than the body temperature Cooler temperature is necessary for healthy sperm production
Sperm Production Sperm production begins at puberty during the teenage years Each sperm consists of a head containing DNA and a tail for movement
The Path of Sperm Cells Sperm cells are produced in the testes They are sent through ducts in the reproductive system where they mix with other fluids Semen is the result 5 to 10 million sperm cells are in each drop of semen Semen leaves the body through the penis
The Female Reproductive System Unlike the male system, the female system is mostly inside the body The female system produces eggs, estrogen and nourishes a developing baby The female tract consists of: Ovaries Oviduct Uterus Vagina
Ovaries Located slightly below the waist, one on each side Produces eggs and estrogen Estrogen triggers female development Breasts Wider hips Menstrual cycles
Path of the Egg Cell Egg is released from the ovary each month Travels down a long narrow tube called the oviduct Fertilization usually occurs in the oviduct Egg travels down oviduct to the uterus where it is flushed when not pregnant and stays if fertilized If flushed, the egg travels through the cervix and out of the body through the vagina
Oviduct Ovary Uterus Bladder Vagina
The Menstrual Cycle When born, a female has over 400,000 eggs Only 500 of those will mature and ovulate Each month, a woman ovulates an egg and sheds the uterine lining The shedding of the uterine lining is a period
Stages of the Cycle Begins when an egg starts to mature in one of the ovaries Uterine lining thickens Halfway through the cycle an egg is released, this is ovulation The egg can be fertilized for the next 2-3 days
Stages of the Cycle If not fertilized by sperm, the egg and uterine lining break down The lining and blood pass out of the body through the vagina This is menstruation or period
Endocrine Control The menstrual cycle is controlled by the endocrine system Estrogen Progesterone Prolactin Girls start menstruating around age 10-14 Women continue to menstruate until menopause around age 50
Body systems that work with the reproductive system; The reproductive system works with the respiratory, circulatory, and endocrine systems.
Comparing the Cell to the Body Which cell organelle helps the cell to reproduce? centriole