Negotiation of Meanings: Towards Discourse Competence

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Negotiation of Meanings: Towards Discourse Competence hagustien@yahoo.com

Communicative Competence Communicative competence is discourse competence Discourse is communication Communication is an act of creating text (conversation, monologue, essay) To create a text one has to negotiate meanings

Text is a semantic unit is meaningful makes sense occurs in context of situation Occurs in context of culture

Negotiation Negotiating means responding. The responding act can be done interpersonally and logico-semantically. These lie at the heart of communicative competence These are the focus of language education.

Negotiating Interpersonally Tamara is beautiful. Subject Finite MOOD RESIDUE A: Tamara is beautiful. B: No, she is not. C: Is she? D: Well, she may be beautiful. E: She could be. People say so. F: She must be.

Negotiating Interpersonally A: Somebody broke my ruler B: I didn’t do it. A: Who did? B: Somebody did. A : May be Sam

Negotiating Logico-semantically What is your name? My name is Sekar.

Old and New Information Once upon a time, there was a little girl called Goldilocks. She was beautiful and very brave. Near her house, there was a jungle. In the jungle, there lived the Bear family: Papa bear, Mama Bear and Baby Bear.

Communicating Spoken Transactional conv. Interpersonal conv. Short functional texts Monologues Written Short functional texts Essays of different genres

Genre Communicative purpose Text structure Linguistic Features

Developing Competence? Developing negotiating skills Raising awareness of genres (purpose) Making students speak and write with sense of audience (make audience understand what they mean)