IMPOSSIBLE?!? “NOTHING IS IMPOSSIBLE! THE WORD ITSELF SAYS “I’M POSSIBLE.” -Audrey HEpburn

CASE #4 Feline Upper Respiratory Disease Complex See Ch CASE #4 Feline Upper Respiratory Disease Complex See Ch. 11 pgs194,198-199

PATIENT PRESENTATION SIGNALMENT: ~8 week old intact, male kitten, DSH PRESENTING COMPLAINT: mucopurulent ocular/nasal discharge, congestion, head shaking, sneezing, inappetance – has gotten progressively worse in the last week Hx: owner has been feeding a family of stray cats outside her home. Several of the kittens look like this. This is the only kitten she could catch

PATIENT PRESENTATION Hx: no known vaccinations PHYSICAL EXAM Patient is QAR Temp: 104.1, HR: 200, RR:40 Audible upper respiratory congestion dehydrated Mm: pale pink, CRT: 2 sec

“YESTERDAY, YOU SAID TOMORROW.” -NIKE PROCRASTINATION “YESTERDAY, YOU SAID TOMORROW.” -NIKE

DIAGNOSTICS DIAGNOSTICS DIAGNOSIS: Upper Respiratory Infection Clinical signs Nasal, pharyngeal swabs to send for virus isolation to an outside lab DIAGNOSIS: Upper Respiratory Infection Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis(FVR) Feline Herpesvirus-1 Feline Calicivirus (FCV) 80-90% of all URI is caused by 1 of these 2 viruses Chlamydophila felis Bordetella Mycoplasma

DIAGNOSIS: Differentiating the causes Sneezing is common in all Upper repiratory disease Corneal ulceration is associated with Herpesvirus Oral ulcers are associated with calicivirus Coughing is associated with Bordetella or mycoplasma

TREATMENT FLUIDS ANTIBIOTICS NURSING CARE DECREASE STRESS Warm, clean Force feed, warm, food Pain meds for oral or corneal ulcers DECREASE STRESS AVOID STEROIDS ANTIVIRALS Idoxuridine topical ophthalmic solution

PROGNOSIS & CLIENT INFORMATION Both FVR and FCV are highly contagious Transmitted via fomites (hands, clothes) and aerosolization of respiratory droplets within 5 feet Morbidity is high, mortality is low Oral ulcers can last 7-10 days

PREVENTION VACCINATION ISOLATION OF AFFECTED ANIMALS Vaccines will reduce severity and duration of clinical signs ISOLATION OF AFFECTED ANIMALS

CASE #5 Feline Panleukopenia

PATIENT PRESENTATION

PATIENT PRESENTATION SIGNALMENT: 6week old, intact female, DSH PRESENTING COMPLAINTS: kitten is depressed and appears to be very thin, has blood-tinged diarrhea, occasional vomiting Hx: client lives in an apartment complex and found this kitten outside.

PATIENT PRESENTATION PHYSICAL EXAM FINDINGS 103°F dehydrated Ataxic, unstable Lethargic Fecal-soiled rear-end

DIAGNOSTICS CBC Positive parvovirus snap test Moderate to severe panleukopenia Positive parvovirus snap test

TREATMENT Maintain hydration and electrolyte balance Force-feeding Broad-spectrum antibiotics

PREVENTION & CLIENT INFO Proper vaccination is required to prevent disease Like canine parvovirus, this virus can remain in the environment for years. Infected cats should be isolated as all body secretions contain the virus Transmission is through direct contact or contaminated environment

CASE #6 Feline Infectious Peritonitis

PATIENT PRESENTATION

PATIENT PRESENATION SIGNALMENT: 3mth old, intact female, DSH PRESENTING COMPLAINT: kitten is sometimes lethargic and seems to be bloated. She eats, although appetite is decreased. Owner can still feel and see the backbone and pelvic bones. Hx: owner is fostering a litter of kittens from a shelter for the past 3 weeks, until they are healthy enough for adoption. The kittens have had intermittent diarrhea over the past 2 weeks, but seems to be resolved

PATIENT PRESENTATION Hx: The other 5 kittens are generally healthy PHYSICAL EXAM: Distended abdomen, BCS:2/5 Depression dehydrated Mm: pale pk, CRT:2sec Temp: 102.9. HR: 200, RR: 30

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS FECAL ABDOMINAL RADIOGRAPHS CBC/SERUM CHEMISTRY ABDOMINOCENTESIS Cytology & chemical analysis of the fluid

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS

DIAGNOSTIC TEST RESULTS FECAL(?) There is NO “FIP SPECIFIC” antibody titer test CBC/SERUM CHEMISTRY Decreased protein in the blood ABDOMINAL RADIOGRAPHS Ascites found ABDOMINOCENTESIS Viscous, clear to yellow fluid, high protein, low cellularity Rivalta Test Rivalta test has been used in Europe for a long time; Some DVMs here do it as well, but is not listed as an official diagnostic

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS: Abdominocentesis

DIAGNOSTICS

Pleural Effusion

TRANSMISSION & PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

TRANSMISSION & PATHOPHYSIOLOGY This theory of mutation is changing as of 2014; nothing is certain at this point;

TRANSMISSION & PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FIP occurs in 2 forms: the “wet” or effusive form (75%) and the non-effusive or “dry” form. DRY FORM Fever Anorexia Depression Wt. loss Ocular lesions – inflammation, hemorrhage Neurologic lesions Rarely, enlarged kidneys This form of the disease is vague and progresses slowly – these animals may live months to years Dry form seen mostly in older cats

TREATMENT & PREVENTION SUPPORTIVE CARE Thoracocentesis/abdominocentesis to make pet more comfortable Daily steroids Antibiotics PREVENTION Control of the virus shedding is key House cats separately Clean litter boxes frequently The virus can last up to 4 weeks in the environment, but is killed easily by disinfectants Lower number of cats, lower stress

CLIENT INFO & PROGNOSIS Clinical FIP is almost always a fatal disease with a mortality rate >95%. Cats with the effusive form usually progress more quickly and often die within 2 months of initial diagnosis