THE Nation splits in two Chapter 16.4

Election of 1860 Nominees: Northern Democrats: Stephen Douglas Southern Democrats: John Breckinridge Constitutional Union: John Bell Republicans: Abraham Lincoln

Election of 1860 Turn to Page 440 What do you think will happen between Kentucky and Virginia? Will they support the North or the South in the Civil War?

Election of President Lincoln Northerners easily outvoted Southern Voters (remember, there is a population difference!) and Abraham Lincoln was voted “The die is cast-” Southerners had decided to leave the Union if President Lincoln would be elected

President Lincoln and Secession John Crittenden of Kentucky tried to introduce a bill to Congress to expand the Missouri Compromise Line to the Pacific and proposed an Amendment be added to keep all slaves below the compromise line Bill fails, as many Southerners had felt that it didn’t matter. They believed Abraham Lincoln would be against them and he was an abolitionist

Secession South Carolina Secedes first- December 20th, 1860 Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas Secede by February 1861 These Southern States form the Confederate States of America and elect Jefferson Davis of Mississippi as the president Sam Houston, Texas’ Governor, was asked to swear allegiance to the Confederate States of America but he refused. The North would, “move with the steady momentum and perseverance of a mighty avalanche; and…overwhelm the South.”

Civil War: Fort Sumter South began to take control of Federal Forts President Lincoln had to make a difficult decision: Risk a war by intervening and losing additional slave states to secession or allow the Confederacy to leave the Union and make it “okay” to do so. Fort Sumter was one of the last federal buildings in South Carolina (remember, South Carolina was no longer part of the United States) held by Union Soldiers. April 11th, 1861 Confederate Soldiers asked for Fort Sumter’s surrender Major Robert Anderson refuses and gunfire is exchanged April 13th the fort falls to Confederate soldiers War Begins