Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

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Figure 3 Life expectancy at birth in all countries included

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Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Figure 4 Activation of clopidogrel via cytochrome P450

Figure 5 Therapeutic paradigms for interfering with the brain–gut axis

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Figure 1 Gut microorganisms at the intersection of several diseases

Figure 5 Lipid droplet consumption

Figure 1 Worldwide incidence of CCA

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Figure 2 Global epidemiology of common Clostridium difficile ribotypes

Figure 1 Organs involved in coeliac-disease-associated autoimmunity

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Figure 1 Biosimilar development process

Figure 2 Effect of PPIs on gastric physiology

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Figure 4 Giant lipid droplet formation

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Figure 6 Combination therapy for HCC

Figure 2 Modelling the effect of HCV treatment on reinfection in people who inject drugs Figure 2 | Modelling the effect of HCV treatment on reinfection.

Figure 4 Proinflammatory immune cells and their crosstalk in patients with IBD Figure 4 | Proinflammatory immune cells and their crosstalk in patients.

Figure 1 Definition and concept of ACLF

Figure 1 Functions, features and phenotypes of HSCs in normal and diseased livers Figure 1 | Functions, features and phenotypes of HSCs in normal and diseased.

Figure 1 Host range of hepatitis E virus

Figure 2 Switching of biologic agents and biosimilars

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

to the liver and promote patient-derived xenograft tumour growth

Figure 7 Example colonic high-resolution manometry

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Figure 1 Environmental factors contributing to IBD pathogenesis

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Figure 3 Clinical algorithms in the management of NASH and diabetes mellitus Figure 3 | Clinical algorithms in the management of NASH and diabetes mellitus.

Figure 2 13C-octanoic acid gastric emptying breath test

in the UK (1961–2012), France (1961–2014) and Italy (1961–2010)

Figure 5 Chrononutrition in the liver

Figure 3 Challenges for big data applications in cardiovascular care

Figure 3 Lipid droplet formation and expansion

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Figure 6 Possible therapeutic targets to decrease hepatic steatosis

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Figure 5 High-resolution manometry studies performed

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Figure 6 Assessment of colonic transit time with radiopaque markers

Figure 5 Systems biological model of IBS

Figure 5 PPIs and adverse events with proven and unproven causality

Figure 4 Local species pools that contribute to the

Figure 1 Endoscopic appearance of fundic gland polyps

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Relevant Biomarkers of Inflammation and Their Possible Role in Atherosclerosis Arpita Basu, et al. ATVB, 2006; 26;

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Figure 2 Lifelong influences on the gut microbiome from

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Figure 2 Classifications and appearance of CCAs

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro

Presentation transcript:

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2017.75 Figure 1 Distinguishing what is considered a prebiotic with the proposed definition Figure 1 | Distinguishing what is considered a prebiotic with the proposed definition. Prebiotics must be selectively utilized and have adequate evidence of health benefit for the target host. Dietary prebiotics must not be degraded by the target host enzymes. *The figure shows candidate as well as accepted prebiotics in that levels of evidence currently vary, with FOS and GOS being the most researched prebiotics.CLA, conjugated linoleic acid; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid; FOS, fructooligosaccharides; GOS, galactooligosaccharides; MOS, mannanoligosaccharide; XOS, xylooligosaccharide. Gibson, G. R. et al. (2017) The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of prebiotics Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2017.75