Biological Bases of Behavior Northwest High School

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Presentation transcript:

Biological Bases of Behavior Northwest High School Genetics and Behavior Biological Bases of Behavior Northwest High School

Genetics and Evolutionary Psych What other factors contribute to our traits, behavior and thoughts? Nature/Nurture: how much does the environment and heredity influence our behavior Evolutionary: studying how natural selection favors behaviors that contribute to survival and spread our ancestor’s genes.

How are genes and behavior linked? Innate – Inborn; present at birth; part of the organism’s biological heritage Evolution – The gradual process of biological change that occurs in a species as it adapts to its environment

Evolution and Natural Selection Natural selection – The driving force behind evolution, by which the environment “selects” the fittest organisms

How Natural Selection Works Environmental pressure (changes in the environment) Competition (for resources) Selection of fittest phenotype (from among a variety of phenotypes) Reproductive success (genotype corresponding to fittest phenotypes passed to next generation) Frequency of that genotype increases (in next generation)

Genes and Inheritance Heritability: proportion of variation among individuals in a population that is due to genetic causes. Genotype – An organism’s genetic makeup Phenotype – An organism’s observable physical characteristics

Genes and Inheritance Mutations – Genetic variations, which occur randomly, especially during the recombination of chromosomes in sexual reproduction

Chromosomes, Genes, and DNA DNA – A long, complex molecule that encodes genetic characteristics Genes – The functional units of a chromosome Composed of nucleotides

Chromosomes, Genes, and DNA Coils of DNA containing gene segments that, when “turned on” affect our body’s building blocks How do we know? Studies of identical twins, fraternal twins, and adoptive families help specify the influence of genetic nature, environmental nurture, and the interaction between them.

Genetic Explanation for Psychological Processes Genes influence our psychological characteristics as well as our physical traits