Present Indicative Tense

I. Verb Endings -ar -er -ir o amos emos imos as áis es éis ís a an e

II. Irregular Yo forms a. –go verbs salir salgo salimos sales salís sale salen similar verbs: tener venir decir hacer oír poner seguir conseguir traer caerse Always point out “seguir” as an important word. 2. Remind them that some also have other changes (“tener,” “decir,” “oir” etc.)

II. Irregular Yo forms (continued) b. –oy verbs dar doy damos das dais da dan similar verbs: ir ser estar (*accent marks)

II. Irregular Yo forms (continued) c. –zco verbs (all verbs that end in –cer or –cir) conocer *except decir conozco conocemos conoces conocéis conoce conocen similar verbs: merecer- to deserve nacer- to be born obedecer - to obey parecerse- to look like (somebody) conducir producir reducir traducir

II. Irregular Yo forms (continued) d. –jo verbs occurs in all –ger & –gir verbs coger- to catch, to grasp cojo cogemos coges cogéis coge cogen similar verbs: recoger- to pick up escoger- to choose, to pick exigir- to demand, to require fingir- to pretend SAT word- point out that “exigir” is related to “exigent”- demanding 2. Point out that “recoger” is both items & people (to swing by & get someone) 3. Warn students that “coger” in some countries (Mexico, Venezuela, Argentina) has an obsence, crude sexual connotation.

II. Irregular Yo forms (continued) e. Miscellaneous irregular yo verbs saber- sé ver- veo convencer (to convince)- convenzo caber (to fit into)- quepo

II. Irregular Yo forms (continued) REMEMBER: Compound verbs have the same irregularities as its base verb: tener- obtener, retener, detener coger- escoger, recoger seguir- conseguir, perseguir

II. Stem-changing verbs a. e to ie pensar pienso pensamos piensas pensáis piensa piensan similar verbs: divertirse comenzar empezar despertarse mentir- to lie preferir sentir- to be sorry sentirse- to feel Sentir- to feel sorry “lo siento” Sentirse- to feel an emotion, to touch “me siento enfermo”

II. Stem-changing verbs (continued) similar verbs: poder acostarse contar- to count, to tell a story/joke devolver- to return an item dormir dormirse- to fall asleep encontrar jugar (u to ue) morir mostrar- to show b. o to ue volver vuelvo volvemos vuelves volvéis vuelve vuelven

II. Stem-changing verbs (continued) c. e to i pedir pido pedimos pides pedís pide piden similar verbs: despedirse- to say goodbye reñir- to argue, to fight repetir servir vestirse seguir- to follow, to continue conseguir- to get, to obtain Point out that “seguir” (conseguir, perseguir, etc) have an irregular yo “sigo”

II. Stem-changing verbs (continued) d. –y verbs occurs in –uir verbs **EXCEPT seguir huir- to flee huyo huimos huyes huís huye huyen similar verbs: oír construir- to construct incluir- to include influir- to influence concluir- to conclude construir construyo construimos construyes construís construye construyen Point out that “oir” has the irregular yo “oigo” form. 2. I point out that “guir” are –go verbs (seguir, conseguir, perseguire, etc) and “uir” are –y verbs

II. Stem-changing verbs (continued) e. oler- to smell, to stink huelo olemos hueles oléis huele huelen Other confusing conjugations: Oír: Seguir: oigo oímos sigo seguimos oyes oís sigues seguís oye oyen sigue siguen 1. Point out that “oler” has multiple “meanings”– flowers, perfume & people smell nice; your nose smells fragrances, odors; sweaty feet stink

III. Accent verbs a. –iar & –uar verbs Some – iar and – uar verbs (exceptions include estudiar, limpiar, copiar, etc.) have accent marks in a stem-changing pattern. continuar- to continue continúo continuamos continúas continuáis continúa continúan similar verbs: actuar- to act graduarse- to graduate enviar- to send confiar- to confide in, to entrust espiar- to spy fiarse- to trust Point out that the vosotros form still has the normal accent on the “áis” I usually point out this is the “estar” linguisitc group

III. Accent verbs (continued) b. reír / reírse- to laugh / to laugh at sonreír / sonreírse- to smile / to smile at, to yourself ALL forms have an accent mark over the letter í sonrío sonreímos sonríes sonreís sonríe sonríen 1. The “se” is linguisitcally not reflexive in the English sense; the “se” makes it a transitive verb (meaning it projects/ transports the action onto another person or idea)- mention that English teachers use the terms “transitive & instransitive”– instransitive, just one person/items doing the action– transitive, direct/indirect concept– somebody else 2. “Hacer reír/sonreir”- to make laugh, smile– Los chistes siempre me hacen reir. Ramon siempre sonrie cuando ve a Isabel