Growing Division & Reform - 1820 -1850 Chapter 2 - Section 2

Overview While the country pushed west, sectional differences increased as new states joined the Union and issues over slavery continued to divide free states and slave states. During this time, religious reformers focused on reviving Americas’ commitment to religion in what became know as the “Second Great Awakening”. Finally, social reformers were involved in various reform efforts e.g women’s rights, educational reform, and the abolition of slavery.

Missouri Missouri wanted to be admitted as a State (Slave State) in 1819 11 - Free & 11 - Slave Upset balance of U.S. States in the Senate

The Compromise Following year, Maine requested Statehood Senate worked to find a fair compromise Ultimately decided on Missouri Compromise

The Missouri Compromise Admit Maine as a free state & Missouri as a slave State Amendment to compromise = Slavery prohibited in rest of Louisiana territory Known as 36* 30* compromise line

36* 30* parallel

Andrew Jacksons as President

New Era in Politics 1828 Election – John Adams v. Andrew Jackson Jackson had 56% of votes & 178 of the 261 Electoral College Jackson utilized the “Spoils System” – appointing people who supported him to jobs in the govt. Changed the “Caucus” system to present day “National Conventions”

Tariff of Abominations Early 1800’s – South Carolinas economy was weak Fed. Gov. increased nations tariffs – S. Carolina dependent on goods from England 1828 – Congress passed additional tariff – Dubbed Tariff of Abominations Southern Carolinians threated to secede from the Union or Withdraw Tariff of Abominations

John C. Calhoun Calhoun V.P. – from S. Carolina Not happy with new tariffs – put forth the idea of “Nullification” Nullification – States created the Federal gov. and they have the right to declare a law null or “Invalid” 1832 – congress passed another tariff – S.Carolina pushed for secession

Indian Removal Act President Jackson protect Native Americans Move them away from white settlers Signed 1830 - Indian Removal Act Relocate to regions W. of the Mississippi River

Trail of Tears Cherokees filed Supreme Court Cherokee Nation v. Georgia – “right to control land” Pres. Van Buren - Sent army - force remove Cherokee to govt reservations 4000 died - starvation, disease, exposure Trail of Tears

The Reform Spirit of America in the 1800’s

Second Great Awakening Revive Americas commitment to religion Issue – Growing scientific knowledge = believed was a challenge to faith Goal: to improve themselves & world Spread word of God and convert non-believers Mormons persecuted – forced to move – ended up in Utah – Salt Lake City

Temperance Movement Attempt to reform people / stop drinking Alcohol (Demon Liquor) caused = crime, poverty, family damage Many states banned alcohol / 1851 Maine passed 1st “Prohibition” law

Women’s Movement Little to no role in society (except home life) Wanted more opportunities & education Elizabeth Cady Stanton - Seneca Falls Convention Mark of Women’s Reform Issued Declaration of Sediments “aka” Seneca Falls Declaration Proposed the “Right to Vote”

Questions?????