Momentum Conservation of Momentum

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Chapter 5 Momentum Ewen et al. 2005) Objective: Apply the law of conservation of momentum to both elastic and inelastic collisions of two objects. Apply.
Advertisements

Linear Impulse − Momentum
Impulse, Momentum and Collisions
Conservation of Momentum The sum of the momentums of two bodies before they collide is equal to the sum of their momentums after they collide if there.
Conservation of Momentum
Momentum and Energy in Collisions. A 2kg car moving at 10m/s strikes a 2kg car at rest. They stick together and move to the right at ___________m/s.
Momentum Impulse, Linear Momentum, Collisions Linear Momentum Product of mass and linear velocity Symbol is p; units are kgm/s p = mv Vector whose direction.
Physics 218: Mechanics Instructor: Dr. Tatiana Erukhimova Lecture 18.
Momentum is Conserved in an isolated system.
Physics 218: Mechanics Instructor: Dr. Tatiana Erukhimova Lecture 27.
Unit 7.2 Conservation of Momentum Teacher: Dr. Van Der Sluys.
Chapter 6 Momentum and Collisions. Chapter Objectives Define linear momentum Compare the momentum of different objects Describe impulse Conservation of.
Notes: Chapter 11.3 Newton’s Third Law of Motion and Momentum.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Concept Check – Momentum (3) An open cart rolls along a frictionless track while it is.
Introduction to Collisions Unit 5, Presentation 2.
Momentum and Its Conservation
Momentum and Its Conservation LEQ: What is Momentum?
Chapter 9 - Collisions Momentum and force Conservation of momentum
We define the Momentum of an object as: Momentum = mass x velocity p = m v Momentum is measured in kg ms -1 Momentum is a vector quantity. (size and direction)
The product of mass and velocity of a body is called momentum. Force and Laws of Motion Momentum Mathematically, Momentum = mass × velocity P = mv It is.
Lecture 14: Collisions & Momentum. Questions of Yesterday A 50-kg object is traveling with a speed of 100 m/s and a 100-kg object is traveling at a speed.
Momentum and Collisions. Conservation of Momentum.
Notes: Chapter 11.3 Newton’s Third Law of Motion and Momentum.
2D Collisions Physics 12. Clip of the day: Minutephysics: What is fire? gE
Conservation of Momentum Elastic & Inelastic Collisions.
Momentum. Inertia in motion momentum (p) is equal to mass x velocity units for momentum: kg· m/s.
12.1 Momentum. Chapter 12 Objectives  Calculate the linear momentum of a moving object given the mass and velocity.  Describe the relationship between.
Day 49, Wednesday, 4 Nov., 2015 Explosions and Collisions Explosions Collisions.
UNIT 7 MOMENTUM & COLLISIONS. MOMENTUM The linear momentum of an object of mass m moving with a velocity v is defined as the product of the mass and the.
Momentum, Impulses, and Collisions. A. Background Information 1.Momentum of an object is anything that has inertia and is moving a. It is based on an.
Instructor: Dr. Tatiana Erukhimova
Conservation of Momentum
Collisions.
12.1 Momentum Momentum is a property of moving matter.
CONSERVATION OF LINEAR MOMENTUM
Elastic Collisions.
Topics for Today Lab workbooks are available in the book store
Chapter 6 Objectives Identify different types of collisions.
Linear Momentum AP Physics.
Momentum Chapter 1 Section 3.
Momentum.
Conservation of Momentum
Introduction to Momentum (P)
9.8 Momentum and Kinetic Energy in Collisions
Conservation of Momentum and collisions
Linear Momentum.
Purpose: Definition of oblique collison.
THIS IS JEOPARDY.
Day Topic: Conservation of Momentum
Conservation of Momentum
4.1a Further Mechanics Momentum concepts
Linear Momentum and Collisions
PHYSICS 103: Lecture 13 Review of HW Momentum Agenda for Today:
Elastic Collisions.
Acceleration and Momentum   Acceleration — Rate of change of velocity (speed and specific direction) over time. Positive Acceleration- speed increases.
Momentum.
Instructor: Dr. Tatiana Erukhimova
Collisions.
Chapter 6: Momentum & Collisions
MOMENTUM (p) is defined as the product of the mass and velocity -is based on Newton’s 2nd Law F = m a F = m Δv t F t = m Δv IMPULSE MOMENTUM.
Conservation of Momentum
Instructor: Dr. Tatiana Erukhimova
Derivation of the Exchange of Velocities
Collisions Momentum is always conserved in collisions
Impulse and Momentum Readings: Chapter 9.
Dynamics and Kinematics
Lesson 10: Conservation of Momentum
Ch 8.3, Ch 8.4 by Yoshinari, Daniel.
Physics 2 – Jan 5, 2018 Today’s Objective: Collisions Assignment:
Physics 2 – Jan 24, 2017 P3 Challenge– Today’s Objective: Collisions
Presentation transcript:

Momentum Conservation of Momentum We’ve studied the law of conservation of energy and found it to be a very powerful thing in the world of physics. Another very powerful conservation law has to do with momentum. This is the law of conservation of momentum. Momentum is Conserved in an isolated system.

Momentum is Conserved in an isolated system. “Isolated system” means that there are no external forces acting on the thing. The type of interaction that involves changes to momentum that we will deal with are called collisions. (Although not all of them are what we think of as a collision, as we shall see.) The law of conservation of momentum means that for a collision in an isolated system, momentum must be conserved. This means that the total momentum of the system before the collision must be equal to the total momentum after the collision.

Here is the momentum before the event and is the momentum after the event. Collisions can be very complicated. They can get so complicated that they can’t really be solved as a matter of fact. To simplify things, we will deal with collisions involving two bodies. We will also deal with one-dimensional collisions (like between balls rolling along a track), or else two dimensional collisions that occur at right angles. This helps out a great deal. Imagine trying to deal with a violent collision between two cars. Before the collision you have two bodies in motion that have momentum. After the collision you’ve got thousands of them – all the bits and pieces of the cars flying off in every imaginable direction.

Momentum is Conserved in an isolated system. Collisions can be classified according to the energy interaction that takes place: Elastic collision  kinetic energy is conserved Inelastic collision  kinetic energy is not conserved Perfectly inelastic collision  objects stick together and have the same velocity.

Momentum is Conserved in an isolated system. Application of Conservation of Momentum: On the AP Test, you will only be given the equation for momentum, p = mv. From this you will have to derive the formula for a two-body collision. Here’s how to do it. We begin with a two-body collision where each object has some velocity prior to the collision. Both objects have momentum equal to the mass times the velocity. The total momentum before the collision is:

Momentum is Conserved in an isolated system. After the collision the velocities will have changed. The total momentum will be: We know that the momentum before must equal the momentum after: So here is an equation which will work for any two-body collision:

Perfectly Inelastic Collisions: These are collisions where the two objects stick together after they collide. The key thing to remember here is that after the collision both objects stick together and have the same velocity.

Perfectly Inelastic Collisions We see a 15 000 kg railroad car moving along the track at 2.5 m/s. It collides and couples with a stationary 12 500 kg car. What is the new velocity of the two cars? The velocity of each is the same (they’ve joined together into a “single body”) so we can simplify the equation for the final momentum: Now we set the two equations equal to each other:

Perfectly Inelastic Collisions And we get our equation. Now we solve for the final velocity:

Perfectly Inelastic Collisions 2 mud balls collide in a perfectly elastic collision. One has a mass of 4.0 kg, the second has a mass of 3.5 kg. The first one has an initial velocity of 3.4 m/s, the second has an initial velocity of – 4.8 m/s. What is their velocity after the collision?

Perfectly Inelastic Collisions The negative sign means that they are going in the opposite direction from what our first mud ball was doing. We chose its direction as the positive direction.