Government

Citizens’ Rights 1. Explain the term citizen. a person who has all the rights and responsibilities of belonging to a nation. All people who are born in the U.S.A are automatically U.S citizens.

2. What are the responsibilities of a citizen? b. paying taxes a. obeying laws b. paying taxes c. serving on a jury when called d. registering for selective services (18 years old) c) serving on a jury when called d) registering for selective services (18 years old)

Our Government 3. What is the type of government used in the U.S.A? a) Democracy- a government in which the people get to choose who runs the country b) Capitalistic society - an economic system where everything is owned privately or corporately. The United States of America is a capitalistic society.

4. Describe the 3 branches of the government. a) E a. Executive: carries out the law b. Judicial: interprets the law c. Legislative: makes the law

5. Explain the Constitution. A “living document” that governs the U.S.A. It can be amended or changed. It is the law of the land. The first ten amendments is called the Bill of Rights.

Bill of Rights 6. Explain the freedoms granted and rights protected by the Bill of Rights. A. Amendment 1: Freedom of religion, speech, press, and assembly; the right to petition the government. -Petition: people have the right to make their views known (collect names). -Assembly/ Assemble: people may get together in groups peacefully.

B) Amendment 2: Right to bear arms B) Amendment 2: Right to bear arms. (weapons) C) Amendment 3: Troops may not be quartered in homes in peacetime. D) Amendment 4: No unreasonable searches or seizures.

E) Amendment 5: People accused of a crime have E) Amendment 5: People accused of a crime have the right to a fair trial (due process). -Citizens cannot be tried more than once for the same crime (double jeopardy). -Accused people do not have to speak against themselves at a trial (“taking the fifth”). - Government cant take property without paying for it. The power of the government to take property is called eminent domain.

of a crime the right to a trial by (jury – group of citizens that F) Amendment 6: People accused of a crime the right to a trial by (jury – group of citizens that decides court cases). G) Amendment 7: People who have a disagreement about something worth more than $20 have the right to a trial by a jury.

H) Amendment 8: Protects people from excessive bail H) Amendment 8: Protects people from excessive bail. (bail- money that pay to the courts) I) Amendment 9: People have other rights besides those stated in the Constitution. J) Amendment 10: Any power not given to the federal govt. Is given to the either the states or the people.

Amendment Process/ Ratification 7. Explain the Amendment process outlined in the Constitution. Amendments are proposed by two-thirds of the House of Representatives and the Senate. Three-Fourths of the states must accept (ratify) it. Then it becomes part of the Constitution. [(Article V(5)] 8. Describe the purpose for the amendment process. The purpose it to make sure that most people approve of the changes and that small groups cant just come and pass amendments.

9. Explain what the Electoral College is and its purpose 9. Explain what the Electoral College is and its purpose. a group of people from each state that meets shortly after a presidential election and votes on who will be president. Each elector has two votes, one vote goes to the President and the other goes to the Vice President.

10. How does the popular vote work. a vote of the citizens 10. How does the popular vote work? a vote of the citizens. Responsibilities then go to Electoral College. ***Legal age to vote in U.S is 18*** 11. What is the difference between the popular vote and the electoral vote? The popular vote is the vote of individual citizens. The electoral vote is the vote of electors from the Electoral College.

Basic Economic Concepts 12. Which five things improve productive capacity? a. resource – something that can be used. Ex: money, car, tools, computer, people b. technology – special knowledge of how to make something or do something; improves productivity.

c. capital goods – are tools needed for making c. capital goods – are tools needed for making things like tractors for farm or computers for an office; d. specialization – to do one thing well. e. division of labor – different workers do different jobs to make a certain item. Ex: making a car in a factory

13. What is a price. is how much an item costs. 14. Explain Scarcity 13. What is a price? is how much an item costs. 14. Explain Scarcity. how hard it is to get an item; scarcity raises the price. 15. Explain Surplus. how easy it is to get an item; lowers the price

16. Explain the term free market 16. Explain the term free market. people being able to trade with each other almost at any time and in any way they both agree; U.S.A has this type of market 17. Explain the term voluntary exchange. people being able to buy what they want and sell what they want. Ex: Georgia grows peaches, Oregon grows apples, they sell their products to each other

Supply & Demand 18. Explain the difference between supply and demand. supply is the total amount of a product that producers are willing to make and sell at a certain price; demand is the amount of a product that consumer are willing and able to buy at a certain price.

Private Business 19. Explain the purpose of a private business. a private business provides goods and services own by the people or a person

The Purposes of Banks 20. Explain the purpose of a checking account. is a service in which you put money in the bank so that it can be taken out slowly over time. 21. How does interest effect money? the bank usually uses your money while it is the bank, so the bank pays you for using your money

Economic Function of the Government 22. Explain a tax. money paid to the government; there are many types of taxes, sales tax and income tax; taxes pays for schools, roads, hospitals, and parks.

Entrepreneurs 23. What is a entrepreneur? a person who takes a risk to start a business a. employees- the person who is hired to complete the work b. employers – the person who needs to hire someone; benefits competition

Spending & Saving 24. How and where does a person earn an income? a limited amount of money that someone earns for their work on their job. 25. Explain the purpose of a budget. a plan for how much money will be spent on each type of item that a person must buy

26. What are the three reasons to save money? a. for emergencies b. to buy something c. To be able to stop working (retire)

27. Explain the term comparison shopping 27. Explain the term comparison shopping. is a person looking for items that are similar to the one you want to buy to see what their price is.

28. Explain the term competition. companies fighting for customers 28. Explain the term competition. companies fighting for customers. Competition between companies lowers prices.

29. Explain the three reasons to save money. a. make a budget b 29. Explain the three reasons to save money. a. make a budget b. keep a record c. live within your means