Human Reproductive System

Male Reproductive System

Male Reproductive System External Structures Penis: external male sex organ Scrotum: sac of skin and muscle containing testicles Circumcised

Male Reproductive System Internal Structures Prostate: exocrine gland of male reproductive system Vas Deferens: tubes connecting epididymis to ejaculatory ducts Epididymis: organ where sperm matures Testicles/Testes: organ where sperm is created Urethra: tube that connects bladder to outside of body

Female Reproductive System

Female Reproductive System External Structures Labia: lip-like structures on the outside of the vagina Clitoris: sex organ whose sole function is pleasure

Female Reproductive System Internal Structures Vagina: tract from uterus to exterior Hymen: mucous membrane around vaginal opening Cervix: lower, narrow portion of uterus Uterus: pear-shaped organ containing growing fetus Fallopian Tubes: pathway for egg travel during ovulation Fimbriae: Fringes located at ends of fallopian tubes Ovaries: egg-producing organs

Sperm Formation MEIOSIS forms sperm in gametes Sperm forms in testes Scrotum keeps cooler than rest Semen is sperm plus protecting fluid Semen leaves testes through the vas deferens (sperm ducts) to the urethra before it exits.

Ovum Formation & Fertilization MEIOSIS forms the eggs (ova) ALL Eggs are formed before birth 1 egg per month is matured and released from ovaries, (most of the time) Eggs travel through the fallopian tube where they may become fertilized, which if fertilized is a zygote.

Implantation Fertilized eggs are implanted into thick walls of uterus Chorion membranes dig into uterus to form placenta Zygote grows into an embryo Embryo gets air and nutrients through the umbilical cord Once pregnant, progesterone levels stay high in mom Mom’s uterus grows with the baby

Hormones involved in Reproduction LH- Luteinizing Hormone FSH- Follicle Stimulating Hormone Estrogen Progesterone Testosterone

Review- the Hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary gland: It then releases Luteinizing hormone (LH) Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Both hormones then act on the OVARIES in females the TESTIS in males

Estrogen Secondary Sexual Characteristics – Female Pubic hair Widen pelvis Enlarge mammary tissue (breasts) Begin menstrual cycles Responsible for Ovulation.

Progesterone Progesterone builds up the lining of the uterus called the endometrial in preparation for the fertilized ovum Prepares body for pregnancy and maintains pregnancy

Luteinizing Hormone Released by the anterior pituitary Triggers ovulation & development of the corpus luteum Acts with FSH

Follicle Stimulating Hormone FSH regulates the development, growth, pubertal maturation, and reproductive processes of the body Works with LH to help with Ovulation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sfEwiNqD4 zw

Testosterone Secondary Sexual Characteristics - Male Deeper voice Chest and facial hair Lengthen bones Increased size of testes for sperm production http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N66sAZH1VA8

Birth Control Mechanism Synthetic estrogens and/or progestins are used to inhibit the hormone released by the pituitary. That then prevents the mid-cycle surge of LH and ovulation, making the body think its pregnant, so no egg released. The progestins also helps to prevent the sperm from reaching the egg and changes the lining of the uterus.