Changes in the Free Atmosphere

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Presentation transcript:

Changes in the Free Atmosphere Current News and Weather Return Exam 2 Temperature, Precipitation, and Drought Weather Balloons Tropospheric and Stratospheric Temperatures For Next Class: Read IPCC AR5 Ch. 2 (pp. 223-235)

Data Sources for Analyzing Tropospheric Temperature Trends Radiosondes From 2x daily upper air soundings Began in 1940s regionally, 1958 globally Satellite Microwave Sounding Unit Converts measures of microwave emissions to temperature Data available since 1978 Global Reanalysis Data From numerical models

Weather Balloon Video https://vimeo.com/15091562 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IDIYX_kj0iE

Atmospheric Soundings dew point dew point temperature temperature wind speed/direction wind speed/direction

Andes Balloon Release

Andes Balloon Release https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J_6iQkwF9KA

Quelccaya Sounding: 0000 UTC 6 November 2014 stratosphere tropopause cloud layer surface inversion ground Quelccaya Sounding: 0000 UTC 6 November 2014

The Tropopause

Vertical Weighting Functions and Tropopause Variations contribution of altitude on the temperature detected by satellites LT = Lower Tropospheric Temperature MT = Middle Troposphere LS = Lower Stratosphere Dashed line = radiosonde height

Observed Surface and Upper Air Temperature Anomalies: 1950-2005 Altitude Observed Surface and Upper Air Temperature Anomalies: 1950-2005 Stratosphere has cooled, but troposphere and surface have warmed. Major volcanic eruptions warm the stratosphere, but cool the troposphere and surface.

Global and Tropical Trends in Atmospheric Temperatures linear trends from variety of sources (radiosondes, satellites, reanalysis)

Linear Tropospheric Temperature Trends

Temperature Anomalies Relative to 1981-2010 Climatology

Radiosonde 1958-2012 Upper Air Trends

Linear Trends of Precipitable Water Global-Mean Anomalies Relative to 1988-2004 Period