French and Indian War (1754-1763)

Fort Duquesne and Fort Necessity (1754) Western Pennsylvania Governor of Virginia sends Colonel George Washington to build a fort at the Great Forks of the Ohio. Present day Pittsburg French have already built Fort Duquesne Washington’s Virginians win a skirmish with French, but have to flee larger French and Indian army. Washington builds Fort Necessity, which is captured by the French. French Victory!

Battle of the Monongahela (1755) Western Pennsylvania British order General Braddock with 2,000 British and Colonial troops to conquer Fort Duquesne. French and Indian ambush Braddock. Over 1000+ British soldiers, including General Braddock, are killed or wounded. Colonel George Washington withdraws the remaining troops. Indians attacked frontiers of Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia. French Victory!

Fort William Henry (1757) Central New York Strategic British Fort on Lake George in New York British surrender to French troops. Indian allies of the French massacre up to 200 surrendered British troops. James Fenimore Cooper’s 1829 novel Last of the Mohicans is about the battle. French Victory!

Britain’s Foreign Secretary William Pitt’s New Strategy (1758) 1. British Navy to conquer Fort Louisbourg. General Wolfe’s large British army to conquers French forts and cities on the St. Lawrence River, 2. General Forbes’ British Army and Colonial troops cross Pennsylvania and conquer Fort Duquesne. 3. General Jeffry Amherst’s British troops, Colonials and Iroquois troops attack French and Indians in Northern New York 4. Separate France from her Indian allies.

Forbes Expedition conquers Fort Duquesne in Pennsylvania (1758) British General John Forbes commanding 2000 Scotland Highlanders, 4000 Pennsylvania and Virginian troops. Forbes methodically built a road and a string of forts across western Pennsylvania. General Forbes negotiates peace treaty with Indians. Fort Duquesne abandoned and burnt by French. Britain controls the Ohio river. British Victory!

Port Louisbourg in Canada Falls to British Navy (1758) Louisbourg guarded the mouth of the St. Lawrence River (Canada). 40 British warship with 14,000 troops battled 5 French warships and 3,500 French Troops Louisbourg surrenders. Britain controls access to St. Lawrence. New France cut off from France. British Victory!

Battles of Quebec (1759)and Montreal (1760) in Canada Battle of Quebec General Wolfe and a large British naval force sails down St. Lawrence River. Wolfe defeats General Mountcalm and the bulk of the French Army on the Plains of Abraham. Both generals are killed. Battle of Montreal General Jeffrey Amherst leaves from New York attacking Montreal from the South. The last major French settlement Montreal surrenders. Britain wins the war!

Bilbliography French and Indian War Map https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:French_and_indian_war_map.svg Fort Necessity https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fort_Necessity_101114.jpg William Pitt’s Strategy Battle of the Monongaehela Indian_history_for_young_folks_(1919)_(14753008132) Fort Duquense http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=George+Washington+Fort+Duquesne+Battle&view=detailv2&qft=+filterui%3alicense-L2_L3_L4_L5_L6_L7&id=722CC4F4D72F3A459E1CD9E1488749F9E5C7E877&selectedIndex=0&ccid=k2tXvixG&simid=608035368373914497&thid=OIP.M936b57be2c46d5e8494041d65c32502fo0&ajaxhist=0 Battle of Louisbourg "C005907k" by Pierre CANOT 1710-1777 - This image is available from Library and Archives Canada under the reproduction reference number C-5907This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing for more information.Library and Archives Canada does not allow free use of its copyrighted works. See Category:Images from Library and Archives Canada.Retrieved from [1]. Licensed under Public Domain via Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:C005907k.jpg#/media/File:C005907k.jpg Death of general Wolfe https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/French_and_Indian_War#/media/File:Benjamin_West_005.jpg Fort William Henry https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Montcalm_trying_to_stop_the_massacre.jpg Forbse Expedition https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:FortDuquesne.jpg