THE GREAT WAR FOR EMPIRE 1756 - 1763 THE FRENCH & INDIAN WAR: A.K.A. THE SEVEN YEARS WAR

GEORGIA STANDARDS SSUSH3a: Explain how the end of Anglo- French imperial competition as seen in the French and Indian War and the Treaty of Paris laid the ground work for the American Revolution.

North America in 1750

THE WAR BEGINS Britain’s ultimatum – Lt. Col. George Washington THE WAR BEGINS Britain’s ultimatum – Gov. Robert Dinwiddie of Virginia dispatched a young British officer (Col. George Washington) into the Pennsylvania back country in order to give France an ultimatum to stop aggressive movements toward British settlements Washington met with the French but the ultimatum was rejected As Washington is returning from the mission his party mistakenly attacks a French diplomatic party under French ambassador to the British Colonies, Joseph Coulon de Jumonville Native American guide for Washington (the Half-King) murders Jumonville This murder causes France to declare war on Britain, thus beginning the French & Indian War Jumonville Glen (site of Jumonville’s death)

EARLY VICTORIES FOR FRANCE Braddock’s Defeat The French had established a strong relationship with the Native Americans Remember the French didn’t want more land only access to beaver fur The British mount the first major attack on the French by trying to capture the French stronghold of Fort Duquesne Ft. Duquesne is located at the key strajunction of the Ohio, Allegheny, and Monongahela Rivers (known as the “Forks of the Ohio”) British General Edward Braddock is given command of the mission and places George Washington as his second in command The French, along with their Indian allies, attack the British before they reach Ft. Duquesne and easily route the entire force (French victory) Braddock is killed and Washington assumes command to organize the retreat

James Wolfe Marquis de Montcalm THE WAR TURNS The British take control of their first French province, Nova Scotia (French province of Acadia), in 1755 Battle of the Plains of Abraham (1759) British General James Wolfe leads a British offensive against the French stronghold of Quebec British (under Wolfe) defeat French (under Marquis de Montcalm) in battle outside of Quebec British take control of Quebec despite Wolfe being killed William Pitt British politician who was instrumental in gaining an alliance with powerful Iroquois nation Battle site for the Plains of Abraham (outside Quebec)

THE WAR ENDS In September 1760 British forces take control of modern day Detroit ending the military conflict in the war 1763 Treaty of Paris British and French politicians negotiate a peace treaty to officially end the war France was forced to give up all her colonial possessions in Canada and east of the Mississippi River Spain was awarded French land west of the Mississippi but gave Florida over to Britain Britain became the dominant colonial power in North America

PONTIAC THE AFTERMATH With France losing its claims in North America tensions resumed and grew between the American colonists and Native American populations (who had been allied with the French) 1763: Pontiac’s Rebellion Ottawa Chief Pontiac began attacking British forts and colonial settlements on the frontier along the Ohio River British officials send blankets to Pontiac’s followers to attempt to show peace Many of these blankets are infected with smallpox Virus spreads and the rebellion is stopped

BRITAIN CONSOLIDATES ITS POWER Proclamation of 1763 To avoid further conflict with Native Americans Britain issues the Proclamation of 1763 Proclamation restricted American colonists from moving west of the Appalachian Mountains Set aside land between the Appalachians and the Mississippi River for Native American settlements This angered many American colonists by Britain further overstepping its promise of limited control in the Colonies (which allowed many colonies to govern themselves)

NORTH AMERICA AFTER THE WAR (1763)