Warm-Up: Spiral Review Describe “who” the average soldier was? (age, job, etc)

Time to Try It! Hardtack was a common food in the civil war. It could fill you up and kept for a very long time Civil War soldiers were eating the left overs from the Mexican American War 20 years earlier! BE CAREFUL. I DON’T WANT ANY ANGRY CALLS FROM YOUR DENTIST!

7-12 “Life During the Civil War”

Lives of Soldiers: The Reality of War 2) Time? Lives of Soldiers: The Reality of War In both, N & S, civilians and soldiers suffered throughout the war At start, men on both sides rushed to enlist Not so much the case later Most of time, soldiers lived in camps Had pleasant moments Songs, stories, letters, games, etc. Mostly dull… drills, bad food, marches and rain Reality of war not far away though Suffered terrible losses New weapons fired w/ greater accuracy & distance Med facilities overwhelmed w/ casualties & wounded After Shiloh some waited in rain for 24+ hours waiting for treatment!!! Many died waiting in agony b/c of horrors, many deserted 1 of 11 Union soldiers 1 of 8 Rebs Rebs faced extreme lack of food and supplies Civil War Medicine; The Civil War in Cumberland County, PA (6:22) Gruesome Reality of Civil War Medicine (3:07) (on HORRORS star) 3) Horrors?

Women in the War: Background 4) + / - Women Women in the War: Background b/c of war, many women took on new roles Teachers, office workers, salesclerks, gov’t workers, factories, farms, etc. Suffered losses of husbands, fathers, brothers, and sons Performed many jobs to help cause Rolled bandages, wove blankets, made ammo, etc. Children helped too Collected food, clothing, medicine, raised $$$, etc. The Civil War in Four Minutes: Women (4:11)

Women in the War: Life at Home 5) South Worse? N saw war from distance Most battles in South News and letters kept them up to date Every woman who stayed home suffered Dailey life changed but… N faced little disruption S was drastically changed though Battles in back yard and blockade disrupted life If in path of war, lost homes and crops War rages on, shortages become common South ran out of everything Feed for animals, salt for curing meat, clothing, medicine, and shelter What had went to soldiers first, too!

Women in the War: Spies Like Us Dude looks like a Lady!!! Loretta Janeta Valázquez dresses as man to fight for Confederacy at Bull Run and Shiloh 6) Ways Helped? Women in the War: Spies Like Us Some woman became spies Harriet Tubman spied for N Rose O’Neil Greenhow Entertained Union leaders in N & sent info to the S Later caught, convicted of treason, & exiled Belle Boyd informed Rebs of Union mvmts in VA Some even became soldiers!!! Loretta Janeta Valázquez Fought for Rebs at 1st Battle of Bull Run & Shiloh Later becomes a Reb spy The Role of Women in the Civil War (8:26)

Women in the War: Treating the Sick & Wounded 7) Nurses First time, Civil War saw women become nurses By the 1,000’s Drs. did not approve at first Women too delicate Considered it man’s work Improper for women to tend to bodies of unknown men Dorothea Dix Organized many women in North as nurses Clara Barton Became famous for her work w/ the wounded in North Later founds “The American Red Cross” Sally Tompkins Est hospital for wounded soldiers in South Nursing hard work Women did a remarkable job Ironically leads to stereotype of women only as nurses, not men! Clara Barton & Civil War Medicine (4:40) 8) Clara Barton?

Opposition to the War: Background 9) Peace Dems or Copperheads The war efforts faced opposition on both sides Politicians objected to wartime policies Citizens protested the affect on their lives When war began, Dems split into 2 1 side supported Lincoln’s war policies The “Peace Dems,” or “Copperheads,” wanted to negotiate instead Warned policies would lead to social change & revolution Also appealed to racist Northern whites Many believed they were secretly aiding the Rebs Lincoln ordered the arrest of anyone interfering w/ the war efforts This meant suspension of habeas corpus, guarantees accused the right to a hearing b4 being jailed 10) Visual Vocab

Opposition to the War: Enlistments Decline 11) Why Draft? Opposition to the War: Enlistments Decline War drags on… number of volunteers declined Getting enough soldiers becomes a problem Both try something new April 1862- Rebs pass draft law Requires men b/t age of 18-35 to serve in army for 3 years Could get out by paying money Yanks tried to get volunteers by offering bounties March 1863- bounty system fails and Yanks turn to draft All men b/t ages 18-45 had to register Names drawn, but could get out by paying $300 Draft laws upset many Protests erupt into riots… Worst in NYC in July 1863 Mobs in NYC burned, looted, and killed in protest After 4 days, 100+ were killed Yanks brought in to stop it Nothing as bad in South, but… Davis suspends habeas corpus too Made rebs mad… feared lose rts went to war for in 1st place!!!

War and the Economy 12) Why N Prospers Bkgd. The North War strained both their economies North had better resources Better able to cope than South Both Union and Confederates funded war w/ loans, taxes, printing money Union borrowed 2 billion Rebs borrowed 700 million Both imposed new taxes N passes income tax in 1861, South too, but later Neither way gave enough money, so… Began printing extra paper $$$ Called Greenbacks Leads to inflation During war, prices rose faster than wages Caused great hardships for people Northern Econ booms Econ based on industry Steady supply of factory-made products needed Production grew in response to demands of war Army needed many items Food, guns, ammo, shoes, uniforms, etc. Industrial Revolution machines help produce w/ lower work force

War and the Economy: Economic Troubles in the South 13) South Suffers War and the Economy: Economic Troubles in the South Often called 1st modern war Required total commitment of resources Impacts all aspects of life everywhere Much more devastating in the South though South struggled Had little industry to make what they needed Most fighting in the South Farmland destroyed & rail lines torn-up too South lay in ruins, 1,000’s homeless Blockade caused severe shortages in essential goods Food riots in Atlanta, Richmond, & other cities Inflation worse in South too Prices rose 9,000% in South!!! Only 80% in North Conditions affected soldiers Worries about families caused many to desert “We are poor men and are willing to defend our country, but our families (come) first.”

Essential Question: Exit Ticket How did women play an important role in the war? Name one woman and her contribution.